New Testament Books Summary
(Bible N.T. Timeline)
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40.Matthew | 41.Mark | 42.Luke | 43.John | 44.Acts | 45.Romans | 46.1-Corinthians | 47.2-Corinthians | 48.Galatians | 49.Ephesians | 50.Philippians | 51.Colossians | 52.1-Thessalonians | 53.2-Thessalonians | 54.1-Timothy | 55.2-Timothy | 56.Titus | 57.Philemon | 58.Hebrews | 59.James | 60.1-Peter | 61.2-Peter | 62.1-John | 63.2-John | 64.3-John | 65.Jude | 66.Revelation |
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(<<) 40 - MATTHEW
Author: Matthew.
Date Written: Between A.D. 50 and 70.
Time Span: About 37 years (4 B.C.-A.D. 33).
Background:
The Old Testament ended with the prophets of God predicting the coming of the Anointed One, who would enter history to bring redemption and deliverance to His people. Some 400 years later, the New Testament begins with the book of Matthew revealing the fulfillment of these prophecies in Jesus Christ, the long-awaited Messiah. Matthew, a tax collector for the Roman government, is called by Jesus to become one of the twelve apostles. Thus, his Gospel often gives an eye-witness account.
Where Written: Possibly at Antioch.
To Whom: To all Christians.
Content:
Matthew's Gospel provides the vital link between the Old and New Testaments. Matthew begins by tracing the genealogy of Jesus through Joseph; the birth of Jesus to the virgin Mary; the baptism of Jesus by John the Baptist; and Satan's temptation of Jesus while in the desert. Jesus speaks more in Matthew than in the other Gospels, and His teaching discourses include: the Sermon on the Mount (chapters 5-7); sending out the Twelve (chapter 10); parables of the king (chapter 13); fellowship of the kingdom (chapter 18); and the Olivet Discourse concerning the future (chapters 24,25). During Jesus' final week His betrayal, trial, crucifixion, burial and resurrection take place. Matthew concludes with the call of the Great Commission to all believers.
Key Words:
"Fulfillment"; "Kingdom of Heaven." Matthew quotes from many books of the Old Testament to solidify further the claim that indeed Jesus is the "fulfillment" of the promised Messiah, the Savior of the world. The term "kingdom of heaven" is used repeatedly by Matthew to introduce the Good News that God is present in Jesus Christ and lives to reign in men's lives. This term appears nowhere else in the New Testament.
+ Matthew 5:17-18 + "17 Do not think that I came to destroy the Law or the Prophets. I did not come to destroy but to fulfill. 18 I tell you the truth, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished."
+ Matthew 24:35-36 + (Mark 13:31-32) + "35 Heaven and earth will pass away, but My Words will never pass away. 36 No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father."
+ Matthew 28:18-20 + (Mark 16:15; Luke 24:47; Acts 1:8) + 18 Then Jesus came to them and said, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me. 19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age."
Themes:
+1 Jesus came to save both the Jews and the Gentiles. +2 There is one true God, but with the essence of 3, the Trinity: God the Father; God the Son; and God the Holy Spirit. (3:16-17;29:19). +3 The standards of God are high, but the example He gave us is perfect... Jesus. +4 Christ is sufficient for whatever need we might have. +5 The ways of God are infinitely higher than the ways of the world. +6 Jesus willingly laid down His life to redeem a sinful world with His perfect and acceptable sacrifice. +7 The most important of God's Law: "Love God above all, love others." (22:37-40).
Outline:
1. Jesus' birth and infancy. 1:1-2:23
2. The preparation and beginnings of Jesus' ministry. 3:1-4:25
3. The Sermon on the Mount. 5:1-7:29
4. Jesus' ministry of miracles. 8:1-9:34
5. Jesus' sending out the Twelve. 9:35 -11:1
6. The continuation of Jesus' ministry with claims and parables. 11:2-25:46
7. Jesus' betrayal and crucifixion. 26:1-27:56
8. Jesus' burial, resurrection and ascension. 27:57-28:20
MATTHEW (Summary):
+8 "It is written: 'Man does not live on bread alone, but on every word that comes from the mouth of God.'" (4:4). +9 Christians are "the salt of the earth, the light of the world." (5:13-14). +10 "Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill them." (5:17). God's Law will never change until everything is accomplished. (5:18). +11 The Lord's Prayer (6:9-13). +12 "Ask ... Seek ... and Knock ..." (7:7). +13 "For I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners." (9:12-13). +14 "Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell." (10:28). +15 Acknowledges Jesus then He you will acknowledge us before His Father ... Do not deny Him ... (10:32-33). +16 "Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest." (11:28-30). +17 Evangelism: The Parable of the Sower (13:1-23). + The Kingdom of Heaven Parables: the Weeds (13:24-29), the Mustard Seed and the Yeast (10:31-24), the Hidden Treasure and the Pearl (13:44-45), the Net (13:47-52). +18 “Only in his hometown and in his own house is a prophet without honor.” (13:57). +19 Jesus Feeds Five Thousand (14:13-18). + Jesus feeds four thousand (15:32-39). + Jesus Walks on Water (14:22-34; Mk 6:45-52; Jn 6:15-21). +20 "What good will it be for a man if he gains the whole world, yet forfeits his soul?" (16:26; Mk.8:36; Lu.9:25). +21 Heaven is for people who change and become like little children (18:3-5; Mk 10:14). +22 Don't cause children to sin (18:6; Mk 9:42). +23 "For where two or three come together in My name, there am I with them." (18:20). +24 Forgive others seventy-seven times (18:21-22). +25 Don't make the House of Prayer becomes the den of thieves (21:13; Mk 11:17; Lu 19:46; Jn 2:16). +26 Prayer with faith will receive it (21:22). +27 "For many are invited, but few are chosen." (22:14). +28 Taxes: "Give to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's." (22:15-22; Mk 12:13-17; Lu 20:20-26). +29 "You are in error because you do not know the Scriptures or the power of God. At the resurrection people will neither marry nor be given in marriage; they will be like the angels in heaven." (22:29-30). +30 Prophesies and Signs of the End of the Age (24:1-51). +31 "Heaven and earth will disappear, but My Words will never disappear." (24:35). +32 "No one knows the day or hour when these things will happen, not even the angels in heaven or the Son Himself. Only the Father knows." (24:36). +33 "But when the Son of Man comes in His glory, ... (25:31-45). +34 The Lord's Supper (25:26-29; Mk 14:22-26; Lu 22:14-20; 1Cor 11:23-25). +35 "Keep watch and pray, so that you will not give in to temptation. For the spirit is willing, but the body is weak!” (26:41). + 36 Jesus' Resurrection (28:1-10; Mk 16:1-8; Lk 24:1-10). +37 The Great Commission (for Evangelization) (28:19-20).
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(<<) 41 - MARK
Author: Mark.
Date Written: Between A.D. 50 and 70.
Time Span: About 3 1/2 years (A.D. 29-33).
Background:
A book of action focusing more on Jesus' deeds than on His words, Mark is the shortest of the 4 Gospels. It is generally accepted that the preaching of Peter, a companion of Mark, is the source of most of this Gospel's material. Mark also spends time with Paul and Barnabas when he returns with them from Jerusalem to Antioch on their first missionary journey. Mark leaves early, however, and returns to Jerusalem. After this, Barnabas wants to bring Mark, his cousin, on the second missionary journey. But Paul disagrees and leaves instead with Silas. Paul and Barnabas reconcile at a later date, and Mark becomes a close friend and helper of Paul.
Where Written: Rome (possibly while Peter and Mark are in prison).
To Whom: Generally to all Gentiles, but primarily to the Romans.
Content:
The Gospel according to Mark Vividly portrays Jesus teaching, healing and ministering to the needs of others. Jesus is the perfect example and the perfect sacrifice for people of all time. His public ministry includes exhibits of His divine power over disease, nature, demons and even death. These miracles also reveal Jesus' compassion for a hurting world. However, opposition and hostility grow against Jesus from the chief priests, Pharisees and Sadducees. Finally, Jesus willingly allows His arrest and crucifixion to take place. But His resurrection seals the ultimate victory for all who trust Him to save them.
Key Words:
"Servant"; "Immediately." The ministry of Jesus Christ centers around His being a "servant" to all, giving His life as a ransom for many. Mark's Gospel uses the term "immediately" to emphasize the importance and urgency of believing in God's Son ... now!
+ Mark 10:45
For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life a ransom for many.
Themes:
+1 Jesus is concerned about every aspect of our lives. +2 Jesus' actions paralleled His words, and so must ours if we hope to be a positive witness for Him. +3 Jesus' death on the cross paid the price for each of our sins if we will but turn to Him with a repentant heart and trust Him as Savior. +4 There is none so down and out that He can ever be beyond the extending arms of God's love. +5 Even as Jesus came to serve us, so must we also serve others. +7 "To love God with all your heart, with all your understanding and with all your strength, and to love your neighbor as yourself is more important than all burnt offerings and sacrifices." (12:30-33).
Outline:
1. The beginning of Jesus Christ's ministry. 1:1-1:13
2. Jesus' ministry of healing and teaching. 1:14-8:26
3. Jesus' instruction of His disciples. 8:27-13:37
4. Jesus' betrayal, trial and crucifixion. 14:1-15:41
5. Jesus' burial and resurrection. 15:42-16:20
MARK (Summary):
+8 The Baptism of Jesus: - And a voice came from heaven: "You are my Son, whom I love; with you I am well pleased." (1:11). +9 "The kingdom of God is near. Repent and believe the good news!" (1:15). +10 "Come, follow Me," Jesus said, "and I will make you fishers of men." (1:17). +11 "It is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners." (2:17). +12 "The Sabbath was made for man, not man for the Sabbath. So the Son of Man is Lord even of the Sabbath." (2:27-28). +13 The Parable of the Sower (4:1-20; Mat 13:1-9; Lu 8:4-8). +14 "Why are you so afraid? Do you still have no faith?" (4:40). +15 your faith has healed you. Go in peace and be freed from your suffering." (5:34; 10:52). +16 "Only in his hometown, among his relatives and in his own house is a prophet without honor." (6:4). +17 "If anyone would come after Me, he must deny himself and take up his cross and follow Me." (8:34; Lu 9:23). +18 "What good is it for a man to gain the whole world, yet forfeit his soul?" (8:36; Mat.16:26; Lu.9:25). +19 "Everything is possible for him who believes." ... "I do believe; help me overcome my unbelief!" (9:23-24). +20 "This kind (evil spirit) can come out only by prayer (and repentance)." (9:29; ref.Mat.12:43-45; Lu.11:24-26). +21 "Whoever welcomes one of these little children in My name welcomes Me; and whoever welcomes Me does not welcome Me but the One who sent Me." (9:37). +22 Marriage: "7 'For this reason a man will leave his father and mother and be united to his wife, 8 and the two will become one flesh.' (Gen.2:24). So they are no longer two, but one.Therefore what God has joined together, let man not separate." (10:9). +23 "How hard it is for the rich to enter the kingdom of God!" (10:23-27). +24 "For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many." (10:45). +25 "My house will be called a house of prayer for all nations'? But you have made it 'a den of robbers." (11:17). +26 Pray in Faith to Receive it; Forgive to be Forgave (11:24-26). +27 Prophesies and Signs of the End of the Age (13:1-37). +28 "Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the body is weak." (14:38). +29 Peter denied Jesus 3 times (14:66-72). +30 Jesus Resurrection (16:1-8). +31 "Go into all the world and preach the good news to all creation." (16:15). +32 "Jesus was taken up into heaven and he sat at the right hand of God." (16:19).
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(<<) 42 - LUKE
Author. Luke.
Date Written: Between A.D. 58 and 70.
Time Span: About 38 years (5 B.C.-A.D. 33).
Background:
Luke's is the longest and most thorough of the 4 Gospels. Luke, a Gentile physician, writes both this Gospel and the book of Acts to aid a new Christian named Theophilus. As a missionary companion of the apostle Paul, Luke is able to present a detailed historical account of Jesus' life. Luke presents Jesus' humanity more than any of the other Gospels.
Where Written: Possibly at Caesarea or Rome.
To Whom: To Theophilus specifically; Greeks in particular; and to all Gentiles in general.
Content:
Called "the most beautiful book ever written," Luke begins by telling us about Jesus' parents; the birth of His cousin, John the Baptist; Mary and Joseph's journey to Bethlehem, where Jesus is born in a manger; and the genealogy of Jesus through Joseph. Jesus' public ministry reveals His perfect compassion and forgiveness through the stories of the Good Samaritan (chapter 10); the lost (prodigal) son (chapter 15); and the rich man and Lazarus (chapter 16).
While many believe in Jesus' unprejudiced love that surpasses all human limits, many others challenge and oppose His claims. Jesus' followers are encouraged to count the cost of discipleship, while His enemies seek His death on the cross.
Finally, Jesus is betrayed, tried, sentenced and crucified. But the grave cannot hold Him! His resurrection assures the continuation of His ministry to seek and to save the lost (19:10). After appearing on a number of occasions to His disciples, His Holy Spirit is promised, and Christ ascends to the Father.
Key Words:
"Jesus"; "Son of Man." As God incarnate, "Jesus" is often referred to as "the Son of Man." The genealogy of Jesus through Joseph is detailed, as are many other specifics of His human characteristics and life.
+ Luke 19:10
For the Son of Man has come to seek and to save that which was lost.
Themes:
1+ Jesus understands our weaknesses, our temptations and our trials. 2+ Jesus came to save both the Jews ... and the Gentiles. + Jesus came to save both the outcasts ... and the accepted. + Jesus came to save both the poor ... and the rich. + Jesus came to save both adults ... and children. + Jesus came to save both men ... and women. + Jesus came to save both the free ... and the oppressed. 3+ Jesus came to save each and every one of us! 4+ God wants Christians to keep the most important law: "Love God above all and love others." (10:27).
Outline:
1. Introduction. 1:1-1:4
2. The birth and childhood of John the Baptist and Jesus. 1:5-2:52
3. The ministry of John the Baptist 3:1-3:20
4. Jesus' baptism, genealogy and temptation. 3:21-4:13
5. Jesus' teaching and healing ministry 4:14-9:50
6. Jesus' journeys from Galilee to Jerusalem. 9:51.19:27
7. Jesus' suffering and crucifixion. 19:28-23:49
8. Jesus' burial, resurrection and ascension. 23:50-24:53.
LUKE (Summary):
5+ "Now Jesus himself was about thirty years old when he began his ministry." (3:23). +6 " When Jesus saw their faith, He said, "Friend, your sins are forgiven." (5:20). +7 "I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance." (5:32). +8 "But I tell you who hear Me: Love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you." (6:27-28). +9 (Golden rule) "Do to others as you would have them do to you." (6:31). +10 "Do not judge, and you will not be judged. Do not condemn, and you will not be condemned. Forgive, and you will be forgiven. Give, and it will be given to you." (6:37). +11 A good or bad tree is identified by its fruit..... What you say flows from what is in your heart. (Be careful what you say). (6:43-45). +12 God's Word and practice it like building a house on a rock foundation or no foundation. (6:47-49). +13 "But say Your word, and my servant will be healed." (7:7). +14 Proofs of Jesus is the Messiah: "The blind receive sight, the lame walk, those who have leprosy are cured, the deaf hear, the dead are raised, and the good news is preached to the poor." (7:22). +15 "Your sins are forgiven.... Your faith has saved you; go in peace." (7:48-50). +16 Evangelism, Witnessing: The parable of the sower - the seed and 4 kind of soil: the path, the rock, the thorns, and the good soil. (8:4-15). +17 The true spiritual family of Jesus: “My mother and My brothers are all those who hear God's word and obey it.” (8:21). +18 Peter replied, “You are the Messiah sent from God!” (9:20). +19 The transfiguration of Jesus. “This is My Son, My Chosen One. Listen to Him.” (9:28-35). +20 “Foxes have dens to live in, and birds have nests, but the Son of Man has no place even to lay His head.” (9:58). +21 “Anyone who puts a hand to the plow and then looks back is not fit for the Kingdom of God.” (9:62). +22 “The harvest is great, but the workers are few. So pray to the Lord who is in charge of the harvest; ask Him to send more workers into His fields." (10:2). +23 "But don't rejoice because evil spirits obey you; rejoice because your names are registered in heaven.” (10:20). +24 “You must love the LORD your God with all your heart, all your soul, all your strength, and all your mind.' And, ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.” (10:27; De.6:5, Lev.19:18). +25 The good samaritan parable (10:30-37). +26 "So if you sinful people know how to give good gifts to your children, how much more will your heavenly Father give the Holy Spirit to those who ask Him.” (11:13). +27 "Do not be afraid of those who kill the body and after that can do no more.... Fear God who, after the killing of the body, has power to throw you into hell. Yes, fear Him." (12:4-5). +28 Acknowledge Jesus ... and do not deny Him. (12:8-9). +29 When persecution: "For the Holy Spirit will teach you at that time what you should say." (12:12). +30 "You fool! This very night your life will be demanded from you. Then who will get what you have prepared for yourself?" (12:20). +31 "I tell you, do not worry about your life,... Who of you by worrying can add a single hour to his life? ... But seek His kingdom, and these things will be given to you as well. (12:22-31; Mat.6:25-34). +32 "For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also." (12:34). +33 "For everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted." (14:11). +34 "I tell you that in the same way there will be more rejoicing in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who do not need to repent." (15:7,10) +35 The parable of the lost son and the loving father: "But we had to celebrate and be glad, because this brother of yours was dead and is alive again; he was lost and is found." (15:11-32). +36 "You cannot serve both God and Money." (16:13). +37 Jesus loves children - "Let the little children come to Me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these." (18:16; Mat.18:3-4). +38 "What is impossible with men is possible with God." (18:27). +39 "No one who has left home or wife or brothers or parents or children for the sake of the kingdom of God will fail to receive many times as much in this age and, in the age to come, eternal life." (18:29-30). +40 "Receive your sight; your faith has healed you." (18:42). +41 "For the Son of Man came to seek and to save what was lost." (19:10; 5:31-32; 15:7). +42 "If they keep quiet, the stones will cry out." (19:30). +43 "My house will be a house of prayer' (Isaiah 56:7); but you have made it 'a den of robbers.'" (19:46; Jer.7:11). +44 Taxes: "Then Give to Caesar what is Caesar's, and to God what is God's." (20:25). +45 Marriage after life? - "The people of this age marry and are given in marriage. But those who are considered worthy of taking part in that age and in the resurrection from the dead will neither marry nor be given in marriage, and they can no longer die; for they are like the angels. They are God's children, since they are children of the resurrection." (20:28-36). +46 "I tell you the truth," He said, "this poor widow has put in more than all the others. All these people gave their gifts out of their wealth; but she out of her poverty put in all she had to live on." (21:4). +47 The destruction of the temple and Jerusalem, and the last day: the deception, persecution, war, disaster, Jesus return,... (21:5-36; Mat.24; Mark.13). +48 "Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will never pass away." (21:33; Mat.5:18; 24:35; Mark.13:31). +49 The Last Supper (22:7-22; Mat.26:26-29; Mark.14:22-25; 1Cor.1:23-29). +50 "(watch) and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. (The spirit is willing, but the body is weak.)" (22:40,46; Mat.26:41; Mark.16:38). +51 Peter denied Jesus 3 times (22:54-62). +52 So Pilate asked Jesus, "Are You the king of the Jews?" "Yes, it is as you say," Jesus replied. (23:3). +53 Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing." (23:34). +54 "Jesus, remember me when You come into Your kingdom." Jesus answered him, "I tell you the truth, today you will be with Me in paradise." (23:42-43). +55 "Why do you look for the living among the dead? He is not here; He has risen! Remember how he told you,... : 'The Son of Man must be delivered into the hands of sinful men, be crucified and on the third day be raised again.'" (24:5-8). +56 The Great Commission for Evangelism (24:44-49; Mat.28:18-20). +57 "While He was blessing them, He left them and was taken up into heaven." (24:51).
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(<<) 43 - JOHN
Author: John the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 85 and 96.
Time Span: About 3 1/2 years (A.D. 29-33).
Background:
Although the Gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke have different viewpoints, they are quite similar in content and, therefore, are called the "Synoptic Gospels." John is called the "Supplemental Gospel" because it stands uniquely in a class by itself. The book of John is different in many ways: style, structure, use of personal interviews, lack of parables, and spiritual explanations of events. John and his brother James follow John the Baptist until Jesus calls them to follow Him. Jesus refers to these two as "Sons of Thunder," but later John is referred to as the disciple, whom Jesus loved." John, along with Peter and James, becomes especially close to Jesus. They alone are with Jesus at the transfiguration (Matthew 17:1-8) and at Gethsemane (Mark 14:32-41). John wrote this book for the specific purpose "...that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in His name" (20:31). John also wrote 1, 2, 3 John and the book of Revelation.
Where Written: Probably at Ephesus.
To Whom: To the Gentiles and all Christians.
Content:
While Luke presents Jesus as the "Son of Man," John presents Jesus in His deity as the "Son of God." Jesus' relationship to the Father is emphasized as He teaches, heals, prays and ministers. Miracles listed in John include: turning water to wine (2:1 -11), feeding of the 5,000 (6:1-14), walking on water (6:16-21) and the raising of Lazarus (11:1-46). But in addition to being totally God, Jesus' humanity is shown by His being tired, hungry, thirsty and sorrowful. 7 times Jesus refers to Himself in "I Am" passages which clearly show His claim to Godhood and the way to salvation. After Jesus' death and resurrection, great detail is given to appearances of the Lord before His ascension.
Key Words:
"Word"; "Life"; "Believe." Jesus is the pre-existent, eternal "Word" who became a man. In order to gain eternal "life" one must "believe" upon the name of Jesus ... Jesus, who always was with God and indeed is God.
+ John 20:30-31 + "30 And truly Jesus did many other signs in the presence of His disciples, which are not written in this book; 31 but these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing you may have life in His name."
+ John 3:16-17 + "16 For God so loved the world that He gave His One and Only Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life. 17 For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him."
+ John 8:32, 36 + "32 Then you will know the Truth, and the Truth will set you Free. (See Gal. 5:1,13) + 36 So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed. "
Themes:
++1 "For God so loved the world that He gave His one and only Son, that whoever believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but to save the world through Him." (3:16-17). +2 Miracles are given not only to heal, but also as signs pointing to Jesus. +3 God expects us to love not only Him, but also our neighbors, and obedience. (15:9-12). +4 The blood of Christ covers our petitions and confessions to God. +5 Christ fully understands our hurts ... He paid the supreme price to heal them. +6 The Holy Spirit gives us an eternal peace which the world cannot manufacture or purchase. (14:26-27).
Outline:
I . The incarnation of the Son of God. 1:1-1:14
2. The introduction and public ministry of Jesus. 1:15-5:15
3. Opposition to Jesus' ministry. 5:16-12:50
4. Jesus' preparation of His disciples for His betrayal. 13:1-17:26
5. Jesus' arrest, trial and crucifixion. 18:1-19:37
6. Jesus' burial and resurrection. 19:38-21:25
JOHN (Summary):
+7 "In the beginning was the Word (Jesus Christ), and the Word was with God, and the Word was God." (1:1). + "The Word became flesh and made His dwelling among us. We have seen His glory, the glory of the One and Only, who came from the Father, full of grace and truth." (1:14). +8 "Through Him all things were made; without Him nothing was made that has been made. In Him was life, and that life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness, but the darkness has not understood it." (1:3-5). +9 "The true light that gives light to every man was coming into the world. He was in the world, and though the world was made through Him, the world did not recognize Him. He came to that which was His own, but His own did not receive Him." (1:9-11). ++10 Yet to all who received Him, to those who believed in His name, He gave the right to become children of God -- children born not of natural descent,... but born of God." (1:12-13). ++11 "For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ." (1:17). +12 Jesus tells Nicodemus: (3:1-21). ++13 "I tell you the truth, no one can see the kingdom of God unless he is Born Again." (3:3). +14 Do not make the House of Prayer becomes a sinful place. (2:16;12-22; Mat.21:13; Mark.11:17; Lu.19:46). +14 ... +15 Jesus Christ cames from God, the Father. (3:31-36). +16 The living water of eternal life (4:10-16). ++17 "23 Yet a time is coming and has now come when the true worshipers will worship the Father in spirit and truth, for they are the kind of worshipers the Father seeks. 24 God is spirit, and His worshipers must worship in spirit and in truth." +18 God-Trinity is One - "22 Moreover, the Father judges no one, but has entrusted all judgment to the Son, 23 that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father." (5:22-23). +19 "I am the bread of life. He who comes to Me will never go hungry, and he who believes in Me will never be thirsty." (6:35,48). +20 "For My Father's will is that everyone who looks to the Son and believes in Him shall have eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day." (6:40). +21 "67 You do not want to leave too, do you?" Jesus asked the Twelve. 68 Simon Peter answered Him, "Lord, to whom shall we go? You have the words of eternal life. 69 We believe and know that You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." (6:66-69). +22 "For even His own brothers did not believe in Him." (7:5). ++23 "He who is without sin among you, let him throw a stone at her first." (8:7). +24 "Neither do I condemn you; go and sin no more." (8:11). +25 "I am the light of the world. He who follows Me shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life." (8:12). ++26 "If you abide in My word, you are really My disciples. 32 Then you will know the truth, and the truth will set you free." (8:31-32). +27 "So if the Son sets you free, you will be free indeed." (8:36). +28 "If you were blind, you would not be guilty of sin; but now that you claim you can see, your guilt remains." (9:41). +29 Jesus is the good shepherd vs the hired shepherd (or thief, robber) (10:1-18). +30 "My sheep listen to My voice; I know them, and they follow Me." (10:27). "I give them eternal life, and they shall never perish; no one can snatch them out of My hand." (10:28). ++31 "I and the Father are One." (10:31). ++32 "25 I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in Me will live, even though he dies; 26 and whoever lives and believes in Me will never die. Do you believe this?" 27 ... "I believe that You are the Christ, the Son of God, who was to come into the world." (11:25-27). +33 Jesus: "Father, I thank You that You have heard Me." (10:41) ... "Lazarus, come out!" (10:43). ++34 "You will always have the poor among you, but you will not always have Me." (12:8). +35 Jesus washed His disciples feet - "I have set you an example that you should do as I have done for you." (13:15). +36 "I tell you the truth, whoever accepts anyone I send accepts Me; and whoever accepts Me accepts the One who sent Me." (13:20). ++37 "34 A new command I give you: Love one another. As I have loved you, so you must love one another. 35 By this all men will know that you are My disciples, if you love one another." (13:24-25). ++38 "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through Me." (14:6). +39 "12 I tell you the truth, anyone who has faith in Me will do what I have been doing. He will do even greater things than these, because I am going to the Father. 13 And I will do whatever you ask in My name, so that the Son may bring glory to the Father." (14:12-13). ++40 "15 If you love Me, you will obey what I command. 16 And I will ask the Father, and He will give you another Counselor to be with you forever -- 17 the Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept Him, because it neither sees Him nor knows Him. But you know Him, for He lives with you and will be in you." (14:15-17) ++41 "Whoever has My commands and obeys them, he is the one who loves Me. He who loves Me will be loved by My Father, and I too will love him and show Myself to him." (14:21). ++42 "But the Counselor, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you." (14:26). ++43 "Peace I leave with you; My peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid." (14:27). +44 "I am the true vine, and My Father is the gardener." (15:1) - Christians are the branches of God's tree - Christian's Love. (15). ++45 "I am the vine; you are the branches. If a man remains in Me and I in him, he will bear much fruit; apart from Me you can do nothing." (15:5). ++47 "If I had not come and spoken to them, they would not be guilty of sin. Now, however, they have no excuse for their sin." (15:22). +48 God-Trinity is One - "But when He, the Spirit of truth, comes, He will guide you into all truth. He will not speak on His own; He will speak only what He hears, and He will tell you what is yet to come." (16:13) + He will testity and guide Christians to the truth of the Father and of the Son (16:4-5). ++49 "Sanctify them by the truth; Your word is truth." (17:17). +50 The Unity in God and in His family (17:20-26). ++51 "Then Jesus told him, "Because you have seen Me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed." (20:29). +52 "Simon Peter, do you truly love Me?" .... "Take care of My sheep." (21:15-17). +53 "Jesus did many other things as well. If every one of them were written down, I suppose that even the whole world would not have room for the books that would be written." (21:25).
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(<<) 44 - ACTS
Author: Luke.
Date Written: Between A.D. 61 and 63
Time Span: About 29 years (from the ascension of Christ, about A.D. 33, through the imprisonment of Paul in Rome, about A.D. 62).
Title: From the book's depiction of the deeds (acts) of the apostles as directed by the Holy Spirit of God.
Background:
Luke begins the book of Acts where he left off in his Gospel. Both are written to aid a new Christian named Theophilus. Acts is the essential link connecting the 4 Gospels with all the other New Testament writings. Acts shows the ministry of the church carrying the Great Commission of Jesus to all the world. While mentioning most of the apostles, this book emphasizes the ministries of Peter (chapters 1-12) and of Paul (chapters 13-28).
Where Written: Possibly at Caesarea or Rome.
To Whom: To Theophilus and other Christian Gentiles.
Content:
Acts carries out the story of the ministry of Christ through the lives of his disciples. The Holy Spirit comes at Pentecost giving power and boldness to aid Christians in witnessing to all the world of their risen Savior. Acts describes Peter's leadership of the church; the death of Stephen (chapter 7); intense persecution against Christianity led by Saul (chapter 8); and Saul's (Paul's) conversion on the road to Damascus (chapter 9).
Paul leads 3 extensive missionary journeys teaching and preaching the gospel. The book ends with Paul's trip to Rome, where he is put into prison. But Christianity has spread like fire from Jerusalem throughout the entire Roman Empire. Nothing can stop the Good News now!
Key Words:
"Holy Spirit"; "Growth." Acts mentions or refers to the "Holy Spirit" more than 30 times. He is the one who will guide, fill, sustain, convict and comfort the believer. The book also outlines the "growth" of the church: in number, strength and understanding.
+ Acts 1:8
But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be My witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth.
Themes:
+1 God will not ask us to do anything without also giving us the provision to do it well. +2 Church growth will be continuous and significant... with the Holy Spirit's leadership. +3 It is impossible to live successful Christian lives apart from the Holy Spirit. +4 Christians obedient to God's leading will have tremendous opportunities to share Christ.
Outline:
1. The ascension of Jesus. 1:1-1:11
2. Pentecost and the early church in Jerusalem. 1:12-8:3
3. The gospel's spread to Judea and Samaria. 8:4-12:25
4. Paul's first missionary journey. 13:1-14:28
5. The Jerusalem council. 15:1-15:35
6. Paul's second missionary journey. 15:36-18:22
7. Paul's third missionary journey. 18:23-21:14
8. Paul's journeys to Rome. 21:15-28:31
ACTS (Summary):
++5 "For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit." (1:5). +6 "When the day of Pentecost came, ... 4 All of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Spirit enabled them." (2:1-4). +7 "Brothers, what shall we do?" 38 Peter replied, "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit." - about 3000 were added to their number that day." (2:37-47). +8 "They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to prayer." (2:42). "Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes and ate together with glad and sincere hearts," (2:46) "praising God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved." (2:47). +9 Peter and John were seized, ... "But many who heard the message believed, and the number of men grew to about 5000." (4:1-4). ++9 "Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to men by which we must be saved." (4:12). ++10 But Peter and John replied, "Judge for yourselves whether it is right in God's sight to obey you rather than God." (4:19). ++11 "After they prayed, the place where they were meeting was shaken. And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit and spoke the word of God boldly." (4:31). +12 "All the believers were one in heart and mind. No one claimed that any of his possessions was his own, but they shared everything they had." (4:32). +13 Christianity advanced, the church grew every day, "The apostles performed many miraculous signs and wonders," and healed many (5:2-16). +14 "They arrested the apostles and put them in the public jail." an angel of the Lord rescued them, and tell them to continue preaching (5:17-28). ++15 "Peter and the other apostles replied: "We must obey God rather than men!" (5:29). ++16 "Day after day, in the temple courts and from house to house, they never stopped teaching and proclaiming the good news that Jesus is the Christ." (5:42). +17 "It would not be right for us to neglect the ministry of the word of God in order to wait on tables. Brothers, choose seven men from among you who are known to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will turn this responsibility over to them." (6:2-3). +18 "So the word of God spread. The number of disciples in Jerusalem increased rapidly, and a large number of priests became obedient to the faith." (6:7). +19 "Stephen, a man full of God's grace and power, did great wonders and miraculous signs among the people." ... and he was martyred in Jesus name. (6:8-7:60). + Stephen's sermon (7:2-53). + "While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." Then he fell on his knees and cried out, "Lord, do not hold this sin against them." When he had said this, he fell asleep." (7:59-60). +20 Because of persecution - "Those who had been scattered preached the word wherever they went." (8:4). ++21 "Then Peter and John placed their hands on them (new believers), and they received the Holy Spirit." (8:17). +22 Peter condemned Simon for trying to buy the power of the Holy Spirit. (8:18-25). +23 Phillip help the Ethiopian eunuch: "Look, here is water. Why shouldn't I be baptized?" ... and Philip baptized him. (8:26-39). +24 Jesus called Saul (Paul) to be His disciple. Ananias help him. (9:1-30). + "Go! This man is My chosen instrument to carry My name before the Gentiles and their kings and before the people of Israel. I will show him how much he must suffer for My name." (9:15-16).. +25 Peter prayed to revive the dead woman Tabitha (9:36-42). +26 Cornelius, a centurion (Italian), "he and all his family were devout and God-fearing; he gave generously to those in need and prayed to God regularly." + God sent Peter to help him and his family to believe in Jesus and to receive the Holy Spirit. (10:1-48). +27 King Herod put Peter in Jail, but an angel opened the chains and all prison door to rescue him (12:1-12). +28 "22 They shouted, "This is the voice of a god, not of a man." 23 Immediately, because Herod did not give praise to God, an angel of the Lord struck him down, and he was eaten by worms and died." (12:22-23). +29 "While they were worshiping the Lord and fasting, the Holy Spirit said, "Set apart for me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them." (13:2). +30 Paul and Banabas refused to be called as gods (Hermes and Zeus), (14:1-18), +31 They stoned Paul, but he was not dead (14:19-20). +32 "Paul and Barnabas appointed elders for them in each church and, with prayer and fasting, committed them to the Lord, in whom they had put their trust. (14:23). +33 Spiritual requirement: "You are to abstain from food sacrificed to idols, from blood, from the meat of strangled animals and from sexual immorality." (15:24-29). +34 Paul and Barnabas had such a sharp disagreement that they parted company because of Mark.(15:35-41). +35 Paul circumcised and took Timothy with him (his mother was Jewess believer and father is Greek). (16:1-7). +36 Paul and Silas was beaten and put in prison because they prayed to exorcise a slave girl, they sang hymns to God, there was an earthquake to free them, they witnessed and saved the jailer and his family (16:16-40). ++ "Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved-- you and your household." (16:31). +37 "Now the Bereans were of more noble character than the Thessalonians, for they received the message with great eagerness and examined the Scriptures every day to see if what Paul said was true." (17:11). +38 "9 One night the Lord spoke to Paul in a vision: "Do not be afraid; keep on speaking, do not be silent. 10 For I am with you, and no one is going to attack and harm you, because I have many people in this city." (18:9-10). +39 "5 On hearing this, they were baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus. 6 When Paul placed his hands on them, the Holy Spirit came on them, and they spoke in tongues and prophesied." (19:1-7). +40 "11 God did extraordinary miracles through Paul, 12 so that even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick, and their illnesses were cured and the evil spirits left them." (19:11-12). +41 Evil spirits did not afraid the exorciser of those who faked the name of Jesus and sorcerers (19:13-20) ++ One day the evil spirit answered them, "Jesus I know, and I know about Paul, but who are you?" (19:15). ++42 Many owners and workers of idols business and the gods' temples were afraid of losing their profits and business so they provoked people against Christians (19:21-41). +43 Paul revived a young man who was asleep and fell off the window to the ground during the long sermon (20:7-12). +44 Paul was arrested, his sermon defending Christianity, his calling to be an apostle, and to witness about Jesus Christ (21:27-23:11). +45 "The following night the Lord stood near Paul and said, "Take courage! As you have testified about me in Jerusalem, so you must also testify in Rome." (23:11). +46 Paul defended himseft before officers, accusers, and kings (23:23-26:32). +47 "28 Then (king) Agrippa said to Paul, "Do you think that in such a short time you can persuade me to be a Christian?" 29 Paul replied, "Short time or long -- I pray God that not only you but all who are listening to me today may become what I am, except for these chains." (26:28-29). +48 Paul sailed to Rome as a prisoner, they was shipwrecked, Paul protected other prisoners, cured the sicks, and salvation for islanders (27:1-28:10). +49 Paul was house arrested in Rome, but he was free to worship and preach (28:11-31).
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(<<) 45 - ROMANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 56 and 58.
Title: Refers to the addressee of this letter: the church at Rome.
Background:
Paul is completing his third missionary journey and anticipating a visit to Jerusalem and, ultimately, his first trip to Rome. Paul writes this letter to introduce himself and to summarize his understanding of the Gospel message.
Where Written: The city of Corinth in Greece.
To Whom: To the Christians in Rome, both Jewish and Gentile. (With over 1 million inhabitants, Rome was the center of one of the greatest empires the world has ever known.)
Content.
The book of Romans, the longest of Paul's 13 New Testament letters, is an elaborate, theological discussion on salvation and the doctrine of justification by faith alone. Paul systematically reflects on his gratitude for God's salvation through grace, as law and grace are contrasted, and his determination to make Christ known to people everywhere. God's dealing with Israel and His purpose for the Jews are detailed. Righteousness apart from works is further illustrated through the example of Abraham's life (chapter 4). Finally, practical applications concerning Christian duties and ethics are given.
Key Words:
"Sin"; "Salvation"; "Faith." Paul clearly explains that broken fellowship with God is a result of "sin" in our lives, and "salvation" is available only by "faith" in the Son of God, Jesus Christ.
+ Romans 5:1 + Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ."
+ Roman 8:28 + And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love Him, who have been called according to His purpose.
Themes:
+1 Everyone is born with a sinful nature, "for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God" (3:23; Ecc.7:20;Gal.3.22;1Jn.1:8-10). +2 All of us, like Paul, have inner conflicts from the sinful tendencies of our natural man - specially Christian was more awared of the spiritual warfare because of the Bible and the Holy Spirit living in them (7:18-25). +3 Salvation is a free gift ... its essence is not S-I-N, but S-O-N (God's Son) (10). +4 Absolutely nothing can separate us from the love of God (8:39). +5 Only through the perfect Jesus Christ can we become righteous. +6 Justification is by faith ... not by good works (5). +6 Sanctification is through the indwelling Holy Spirit ... not through keeping religious laws. +7 Everyone trusting in Jesus Christ will be saved and given the ability through the Spirit of God to live victoriously. +8 Divine power for holy living is imparted through the Holy Spirit.
Outline.
I . Introduction. 1:1-1:17
2. All men's guilt as sinners. 1:18-3:20
3. Salvation available to all by faith. 3:21-8:39
4. The plan of God for Israel. 9:1-11:36
5. Christian relationships and attitudes. 12:1-15:13
6. Final instructions and greetings. 15:14-16:27
ROMANS (Summary):
+++9 The Gospel of Jesus Christ (1:1-7): ++ "1 Paul, a servant of Christ Jesus, called to be an apostle and set apart for the Gospel of God - 2 the Gospel He promised beforehand through His prophets in the Holy Scriptures 3 regarding His Son, who as to His human nature was a descendant of David, 4 and who through the Spirit of holiness was declared with power to be the Son of God by His resurrection from the dead: Jesus Christ our Lord." (1:1-4). +++10 "16+ I am not ashamed of the Gospel, because it is the power of God for the salvation of everyone who believes, first for the Jew, then for the Gentile. 17+ For in it the righteousness of God is revealed from faith to faith; as it is written, "The righteous will live by faith." {Hab.2:4}" (1:16-17). +++ God reveals Himself in His creation (1:20): + "20 For since the creation of the world God's invisible qualities - His eternal power and divine nature - have been clearly seen, being understood from what has been made, so that men are without excuse." (1:20). +++11 God gives man over to his sin: Judgment of sins (1:18-32). +++12 God judges sin impartially (2): ++ "4 Or do you show contempt for the riches of His kindness, tolerance and patience, not realizing that God's kindness leads you toward repentance? 5 But because of your stubbornness and your unrepentant heart, you are storing up wrath against yourself for the day of God's wrath, when His righteous judgment will be revealed. 6 God "will give to each person according to what he has done." {Ps.62:12;Prov.24:12}. 7+ To those who by persistence in doing good seek glory, honor and immortality, He will give eternal life. 8 But for those who are self-seeking and who reject the truth and follow evil, there will be wrath and anger." (2:4-8). +++13 "For God does not show favoritism." (2:11). + "12 All who sin apart from the law will also perish apart from the law, and all who sin under the law will be judged by the law. 13+ For it is not those who hear the law who are righteous in God's sight, but it is those who obey the law who will be declared righteous. " (2:12-13). +++13.4 God's judgment for Gentiles is impartially (2:14-16). ++ "14 (Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature things required by the law, they are a law for themselves, even though they do not have the law, 15 since they show that the requirements of the law are written on their hearts, their consciences also bearing witness, and their thoughts now accusing, now even defending them.) 16 This will take place on the day when God will judge men's secrets through Jesus Christ, as my gospel declares." (2:13-16). +++14 God can be depended on totally (3:3-8): ++ "Let God be true, and every man a liar. As it is written: "So that You may be proved right when You speak and prevail when You judge." {Ps.51:4}" (3:4). +++15 Everyone is guilty of sin (3:9-20). "There is no one righteous, not even one" (3:10). "Therefore no one will be declared righteous in His sight by observing the law; rather, through the law we become conscious of sin." (3:20). +++16 God's grace declares believers righteous through faith in Jesus Christ (3:21-31): ++ "22 This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe. There is no difference, 23 for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, 24 and are justified freely by His grace through the redemption that came by Christ Jesus. 25 Whom God put forward as a sacrifice of atonement by His blood, effective through faith. He did this to show His righteousness, because in His divine forbearance He had passed over the sins previously committed." (3:22-25). +++17 Abraham's justification by faith (4): ++ "What does the Scripture say? "Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." {Gen.15:6,22}. (4:3). +++18 God forgives man through faith in Jesus Christ (5:1-11): ++ "1+ Therefore, since we have been justified through faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ, 2+ through whom we have gained access by faith into this grace in which we now stand. And we rejoice in the hope of the glory of God. 3+ Not only so, but we also rejoice in our sufferings, because we know that suffering produces perseverance; 4+ perseverance, character; and character, hope. 5+ And hope does not disappoint us, because God has poured out His love into our hearts by the Holy Spirit, whom He has given us." (5:1-5). ++ "8 But God demonstrates His own love for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us." (5:8). ++ Through Jesus we have now received reconcilation (5:9-11): ++ "9 Since we have now been justified by His blood, how much more shall we be saved from God's wrath through Him! 10 For if, when we were God's enemies, we were reconciled to Him through the death of His Son, how much more, having been reconciled, shall we be saved through His life! 11 Not only is this so, but we also rejoice in God through our Lord Jesus Christ, through whom we have now received reconciliation." (5:9-11). +++19 Adam brings sin and death; Christ brings grace and internal life (5:12-21). +++20 Be dead to sin and alive to Christ through Baptism (6:1-14). ++ "4+ We were therefore buried with Him through baptism into death in order that, just as Christ was raised from the dead through the glory of the Father, we too may live a New Life." (6:4). ++ "11 In the same way, count yourselves dead to sin but alive to God in Christ Jesus. 12 Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its evil desires." (6:11-12). + "For sin shall not be your master, because you are not under law, but under grace." (6:14). +++21 Be victorious with God over the slavery of sin (6:15-23). ++ "22+ But now that you have been set free from sin and have become slaves to God, the benefit you reap leads to holiness, and the result is eternal life. 23+ For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord." (6:22-23). +++22 Christian is set free from the law to serve God in a new way (7:1-6): ++ "6 But now, by dying to what once bound us, we have been released from the law so that we serve in the new way of the Spirit, and not in the old way of the written code." (7:6). +++23 The laws of God vs the laws of sin - reveal our guilt (7:7-25). ++ "21 So I find this law at work: When I want to do good, evil is right there with me. 22 For in my inner being I delight in God's law; 23 but I see another law at work in the members of my body, waging war against the law of my mind and making me a prisoner of the law of sin at work within my members. 24 What a wretched man I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death? 25 Thanks be to God -- through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, I myself in my mind am a slave to God's law, but in the sinful nature a slave to the law of sin." (7:21-25). +++24 Removal of condemnation through Jesus Christ and His Holy Spirit to live a new life (8:1-17). ++ "There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, (who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit.) (8:1). + "For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death." (8:2). +++25 "5 For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. 6 The mind of sinful man is death, but the mind controlled by the Spirit is life and peace;" (8:5-6). +++26 "7 the sinful mind is hostile to God. It does not submit to God's law, nor can it do so. 8 Those controlled by the sinful nature cannot please God." (8:7-8). +++27 "9 You, however, are controlled not by the sinful nature but by the Spirit, if the Spirit of God lives in you. And if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he does not belong to Christ. 10 But if Christ is in you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive because of righteousness." (8:9-10). +++28 Following the Spirit (8:12-17). ++ "14 because those who are led by the Spirit of God are children of God. 15 For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, "Abba, Father." 16 The Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God, 17 Now if we are children, then we are heirs -- heirs of God and co-heirs with Christ, if indeed we share in His sufferings in order that we may also share in His glory." (8:14-17). +++29 Present suffering compared to future glory (8:18-27). + " I consider that our present sufferings are not worth comparing with the glory that will be revealed in us." (8:18). +++30 Spiritual Hope (8:24-25): ++ "24 For in this hope we were saved. But hope that is seen is no hope at all. Who hopes for what he already has? 25 But if we hope for what we do not yet have, we wait for it patiently." (8:24-25). +++31 The Holy Spirit help us to pray (8:26-27): ++ "26 In the same way, the Spirit helps us in our weakness. We do not know what we ought to pray for, but the Spirit himself intercedes for us with groans that words cannot express. 27 And He who searches our hearts knows the mind of the Spirit, because the Spirit intercedes for the saints in accordance with God's will." (8:26-27). +++32 Power of God's love (8:28-39). +++ "And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love Him, who have been called according to His purpose." (8:28). +++33 "For whom He foreknew, He also predestined to be conformed to the image of His Son,... And those He predestined, He also called; those He called, He also justified; those He justified, He also glorified." (8:29-30). +++34 God love is forever (8:35-39): ++ "35 Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? ... (8:35). ++ "38 For I am convinced that neither death nor life, neither angels nor demons, neither the present nor the future, nor any powers, 39 neither height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God that is in Christ Jesus our Lord." (8:38-39). +++35 Paul is sorrowful for Israel's unbelief (9:1-5). + God makes promises to Israel (9:6-33): + Righteousness is by faith not by law. (9:30). +++36 Paul reminds Israel of the necessity of believing in Jesus Christ (10). + "Christ is the end of the law so that there may be righteousness for everyone who believes." (10:4). +++37 Believe in Jesus Christ (10:8-27): ++ "9 That if you confess with your mouth the Lord Jesus and believe in your heart that God has raised Him from the dead, you will be saved. 10 For with the heart one believes unto righteousness, and with the mouth confession is made unto salvation. 11 As the Scripture says, "Anyone who trusts in Him will never be put to shame." {Isa.28:16}" (10:9-11). +++38 "13+ for, "Everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved." (10:13; Joel.2.32). +++39 Evangelism (10): "14 How, then, can they call on the One they have not believed in? And how can they believe in the One of whom they have not heard? And how can they hear without someone preaching to them? 15 And how can they preach unless they are sent? As it is written, "How beautiful are the feet of those who bring Good News!" (10:14-15). +++40 "16 But not all have obeyed the good news; for Isaiah says, "Lord, who has believed our message?" 17 Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the Word of Christ." (10:16-17). +++41 Aremnant of Israel remains faithful (11:1-10). + The Gentiles are grafted into God's tree (11:11-24). + A restoration of Israel is promised (11:25-36). ++42 Living sacrifices to God (12:1-2): "1 Therefore, I urge you, brothers, in view of God's mercy, to offer your bodies as living sacrifices, holy and pleasing to God -- this is your spiritual act of worship. 2 Do not conform any longer to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind. Then you will be able to test and approve what God's will is -- His good, pleasing and perfect will." (12:1-2). +++43 Spiritual gifts in the body of Christ (12:3-8): ++ "6 We have different gifts, according to the grace given us. If a man's gift is prophesying, let him use it in proportion to his faith. 7 If it is serving, let him serve; if it is teaching, let him teach; 8 if it is encouraging, let him encourage; if it is contributing to the needs of others, let him give generously; if it is leadership, let him govern diligently; if it is showing mercy, let him do it cheerfully." (12:6-8). +++44 Love and respect for others (12:9-21). ++ "9+ Love must be sincere. Hate what is evil; cling to what is good." (12:9). ++ "12+ Be joyful in hope, patient in affliction, faithful in prayer. 13+ Share with God's people who are in need. Practice hospitality. 14+ Bless those who persecute you; bless and do not curse. 15+ Rejoice with those who rejoice; mourn with those who mourn." (12:12-15). +++45 "17+ Do not repay anyone evil for evil. Be careful to do what is right in the eyes of everybody. 18+ If it is possible, as far as it depends on you, live at peace with everyone. 19+ Do not take revenge, my friends, but leave room for God's wrath, for it is written: "It is mine to avenge; I will repay," (Deut.32:35) says the Lord. ... + 21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good." (12:17-21). +++46 Christians and the authorities' laws (13:1-7). +++47 Debt of love (13:8-14): + "Let no debt remain outstanding, except the continuing debt to love one another, for he who loves his fellowman has fulfilled the law." (13:8). + "10 Love does no harm to its neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law." (13:10). +++48 Do not critical of weaker brothers (14:1-12): + "Accept him whose faith is weak, without passing judgment on disputable matters." (14:1). ++ "Who are you to judge someone else's servant? To his own master he stands or falls. And he will stand, for the Lord is able to make him stand." (14:4). +++49 "7 For none of us lives to himself alone and none of us dies to himself alone. 8 If we live, we live to the Lord; and if we die, we die to the Lord. So, whether we live or die, we belong to the Lord. 9 For this very reason, Christ died and returned to life so that He might be the Lord of both the dead and the living." (14:7-9). +++50 Do not be a stumbling block for weaker brothers (14:13-23): ++ "13 Therefore let us not judge one another anymore, but rather resolve this, not to put a stumbling block or a cause to fall in our brother's way." (14:13). +++51 "16 Do not allow what you consider good to be spoken of as evil. 17 For the kingdom of God is not a matter of eating and drinking, but of righteousness, peace and joy in the Holy Spirit, 18 because anyone who serves Christ in this way is pleasing to God and approved by men. 19 Let us therefore make every effort to do what leads to peace and to mutual edification." (14:16-19). +++52 "It is better not to eat meat or drink wine or to do anything else that will cause your brother to fall." (14:21). +++53 Building up others in the Lord (15:1-6): "We who are strong ought to bear with the failings of the weak and not to please ourselves." (15:1). ++ "For everything that was written in the past was written to teach us, so that through endurance and the encouragement of the Scriptures we might have hope." (15:4). +++54 Accepting others as Christ has accepted us (15:7-13). ++ "7 Accept one another, then, just as Christ accepted you, in order to bring praise to God." (15:7). +++55 "May the God of hope fill you with all joy and peace as you trust in Him, so that you may overflow with hope by the power of the Holy Spirit." (15:13). +++56 Reviewing Paul's past ministries and future plans in prayer (15:14-33). ++ "30 I urge you, brothers, by our Lord Jesus Christ and by the love of the Spirit, to join me in my struggle by praying to God for me." (15:30).+++57 Exhortation to avoid divisive people (16:17-20): ++ "17 I urge you, brothers, to watch out for those who cause divisions and put obstacles in your way that are contrary to the teaching you have learned. Keep away from them. 18 For such people are not serving our Lord Christ, but their own appetites. By smooth talk and flattery they deceive the minds of naive people. 19 Everyone has heard about your obedience, so I am full of joy over you; but I want you to be wise about what is good, and innocent about what is evil." (16:17-19). +++58 Conclusion: ++ "25 Now to Him who is able to establish you by my Gospel and the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery hidden for long ages past, 26 but now revealed and made known through the prophetic Scriptures by the command of the eternal God, so that all nations might believe and obey Him - 27 to the only wise God be glory forever through Jesus Christ! Amen." (16:25-27).
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(<<) 46 - 1 CORINTHIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 55 and 57.
Title: From Paul's first recorded letter to the church at Corinth.
Background:
The Roman general Mummius destroys the Greek city of Corinth in the second century B.C., but Julius Caesar restores the city in about 46 B.C. Corinth, located on the Mediterranean, becomes the commercial and economic hub of Greece. This wealthy cosmopolitan center of about 700,000 people soon sets the standard for immorality and licentiousness. It is in this perverse environment that Paul establishes the church at Corinth while there for over a year-and-a-half on his second missionary journey. Priscilla, Aquila, Silas and Timothy are instrumental in aiding Paul's efforts. But soon after Paul's departure, severe evils and factions threaten the stability and very existence of the church.
Where Written: Ephesus.
To Whom: To the church at Corinth.
Content:
The household of Chloe has reported to Paul strife in the church at Corinth. The church sends a delegation of 3 men with a letter to Paul that seeks his wisdom on several concerns and questions the church has. This letter from Paul to the Corinthians systematically answers these issues: divisions in the church, immorality, lawsuits, challenges to Paul's apostleship, meat sacrificed to idols, marriage, divorce and the Lord's Supper. Classic teaching is offered on spiritual gifts (chapter 12), Christian love (chapter 13) and the resurrection (chapter 15). In addition to Paul's words of discipline, he gives practical suggestions to the people while proclaiming the Gospel as the power and wisdom of God.
Key Words:
"Correction"; "Unity." Paul offers words of "correction" with both love and firmness. The only hope available to the Corinthians is "unity" in Jesus Christ. Bound together they can love, serve, minister and overcome evil by drawing their strength from the same Spirit of God within each of them.
+ 1 Corinthians 1:10 + I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree ith one another so that there may be no divisions among you and that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought.
+ 1 Corinthians 13:4-8 + 4 Love is patient, Love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. 5 It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. 6 Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. 7 It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. 8 Love never fails....
Themes:
+1 Christ alone is able to cleanse us of our sins and give us right standing before God. +2 Only Christians are able to give true love. +3 True love is a decision, an action and a commitment. +4 God will never let us be tempted beyond our limits to endure. +5 Brothers and sisters in Christ share a oneness and unity not made available to the world. ++6 Mature Christians sometimes need to limit their personal liberties for the benefit of those weaker. (12). +7 Believers receive gifts in order to glorify God and build up the body in love. +8 Jesus Christ is interested in all areas of our lives and is the answer to all our problems.
Outline:
1. Introduction. 1:1-1:9
2. Problems in the Corinthian church. 1:10-4:21
3. Discipline for the church. 5:1-6:20
4. Concerning marriage. 7:1-7:40
5. Principles of Christian rights and liberty. 8:1-11:1
6. Concerning public worship and spiritual gifts. 11:2-14:40
7. Concerning the resurrection. 15:1-15:58
8. Paul's plans and final instructions. 16:1-16:24
1 CORINTHIANS (Summary):
+++9 Blessing for Christians (1:1-9) + "1 I always thank God for you because of His grace given you in Christ Jesus. 5 For in him you have been enriched in every way-- in all your speaking and in all your knowledge - 6 because our testimony about Christ was confirmed in you." (1:4-6). ++ "9 God, who has called you into fellowship with His Son Jesus Christ our Lord, is faithful." (1:9). +++10 The church's division over leadership (1:10-17): ++ "10 I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you agree with one another so that there may be no divisions among you and that you may be perfectly united in mind and thought." (1:10). +++11 God's wisdom versus humanity's foolishness (1:18-31). ++ "For the message of the cross is foolishness to those who are perishing, but to us who are being saved it is the power of God." (1:18). + "For the foolishness of God is wiser than man's wisdom, and the weakness of God is stronger than man's strength." (1:25). + "But God chose the foolish things of the world to shame the wise; God chose the weak things of the world to shame the strong." (1:27). + "Therefore, as it is written: "Let him who boasts boast in the Lord {Jer.9:24}." (1:31). +++12 Paul's preaching is simple, yet powerful (2:1-5): ++ "For I resolved to know nothing while I was with you except Jesus Christ and Him crucified." (2:2). ++ "4 My message and my preaching were not with wise and persuasive words, but with a demonstration of the Spirit's power, 5 so that your faith might not rest on men's wisdom, but on God's power." (2:4-5). +++13 The Holy Spirit teaches believers about God (2:6-16). ++ "But God has revealed it to us by His Spirit. The Spirit searches all things, even the deep things of God." (2:10). + "11 For who among men knows the thoughts of a man except the man's spirit within him? In the same way no one knows the thoughts of God except the Spirit of God." (2:11). ++ "12 We have not received the spirit of the world but the Spirit who is from God, that we may understand what God has freely given us. 13 This is what we speak, not in words taught us by human wisdom but in words taught by the Spirit, expressing spiritual truths in spiritual words." (2:12-13). +++14 Infant Christians are fed spiritual milk (3:1-4). +++15 Evangelism: The planter, the watered, but God makes faith grow. (3:5-17). ++ "So neither he who plants nor he who waters is anything, but only God, who makes things grow." (3:7). ++ "For no one can lay any foundation other than the one already laid, which is Jesus Christ." (3:11). ++ "16 Don't you know that you yourselves are God's temple and that God's Spirit lives in you? 17 If anyone destroys God's temple, God will destroy him; for God's temple is sacred, and you are that temple." (3:16-17). +++16 "For the wisdom of this world is foolishness in God's sight." (3:19; 18-23). ++ "23 And you belong to Christ, and Christ belongs to God." (3:23). +++17 Apostles directed to be good servants (4:1-13). ++ "My conscience is clear, but that does not make me innocent. It is the Lord who judges me." (4:4). ++ "5 Therefore judge nothing before the appointed time; wait till the Lord comes. He will bring to light what is hidden in darkness and will expose the motives of men's hearts. At that time each will receive his praise from God." (4:5). ++ "We work hard with our own hands. When we are cursed, we bless; when we are persecuted, we endure it; when we are slandered, we answer kindly." (4:12-13). +++18 "For the kingdom of God is not a matter of talk but of power." (4:20). +++19 Condemnation of sexual immorality within the church (5:1-8). +++20 Beware and deal with faulty Christians (5:9-13). +++21 Appeal against lawsuits between Christians (6:1-11). ++ "1 If any of you has a dispute with another, dare he take it before the ungodly for judgment instead of before the saints?" (6:1). ++ wickedness will not inherit the kingdom of God (6:9-10). +++22 Avoiding sexual immorality (6:12-20). ++ "12 Everything is permissible for me" - but not everything is beneficial. "Everything is permissible for me" - but I will not be mastered by anything." (6:12; 10:23). ++ "Flee from sexual immorality... Do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is in you, whom you have received from God? You are not your own; you were bought at a price. Therefore honor God with your body." (6:18-20). ("Watch and pray so that you will not fall into temptation. The spirit is willing, but the body is weak." Mark.14:38). +++22 Reasons to marry or to remain single. Marriage and divorce... (7:1-40). ++ "2 But since there is so much immorality, each man should have his own wife, and each woman her own husband." (7:2). ++ "7 I wish that all men were as I am. But each man has his own gift from God; one has this gift, another has that." (7:7). +++23 Idols. Discussion of eating food sacrificed to idols and the need to be sensitive to others. (8:1-13). ++ "Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up." (8:1). ++ "3 But the man who loves God is known by God." (8:3). ++ "Yet for us there is but one God, the Father, from whom all things came and for whom we live; and there is but one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom all things came and through whom we live." (8:6). ++ "Be careful, however, that the exercise of your freedom does not become a stumbling block to the weak." (8:9). +++24 Rights of apostles (9:1-23). ++ "If we have sown spiritual seed among you, is it too much if we reap a material harvest from you?" (9:11). ++ "In the same way, the Lord has commanded that those who preach the Gospel should receive their living from the Gospel." (9:14). ++ "16 Yet when I preach the Gospel, I cannot boast, for I am compelled to preach. Woe to me if I do not preach the Gospel! 17 If I preach voluntarily, I have a reward; if not voluntarily, I am simply discharging the trust committed to me." (9:16-17). +++25 Running the race for the prize (9:24-27). ++ "But I discipline my body and bring it into subjection, so that after I have preached to others, I myself will not be disqualified for the prize." (9:27). +++26 Old Testament lessons (10:1-13). ++ "12 So, if you think you are standing firm, be careful that you don't fall! 13 No temptation has seized you except what is common to man. And God is faithful; He will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear. But when you are tempted, He will also provide a way out so that you can stand up under it." (10:12-13). +++27 Avoiding any association with idolatry (10:14-22). ++ "Therefore, my dear friends, flee from idolatry." (10:14). +++28 Freedom concerning food offered to idols. (10:23-33). ++ "23 Everything is permissible" - but not everything is beneficial. "Everything is permissible" - but not everything is constructive." (10:23; 6:12). + "Nobody should seek his own good, but the good of others." (10:24). ++ "So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God." (10:31). +++29 Head coverings for women. (11:2-16). + "Now I want you to realize that the head of every man is Christ, and the head of the woman is man, and the head of Christ is God." (11:3). +++30 Proper conduct for observing the Lord's Supper. (11:17-34). ++ The Lord's Supper (11:23-29). ++ "26 For whenever you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the Lord's death until He comes. 27 Therefore, whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord. 28 Examine yourselves, and only then eat of the bread and drink of the cup. 29 For anyone who eats and drinks without recognizing the body of the Lord eats and drinks judgment on themselves." (11:26-29). +++31 Spiritual gifts from the Holy Spirit (12:1-11). ++ "Therefore I want you to understand that no one speaking by the Spirit of God ever says "Let Jesus be cursed!" and no one can say "Jesus is Lord" except by the Holy Spirit." (12:3). ++ "4 Now there are varieties of gifts, but the same Spirit; 5 and there are varieties of services, but the same Lord; 6 and there are varieties of activities, but it is the same God who activates all of them in everyone." (12:4-6). ++ "7 Now to each one the manifestation of the Spirit is given for the common good." (12:7). +++32 Functions of spiritual gifts in the body of Christ. (12:12-30). ++ "Now you are the body of Christ, and each one of you is a part of it." (12:27). +++ Spiritual gifts, Christian duties, Unity in Christ (12:28-31). +++33 Christian's Love (13): ++ "4 Love is patient; love is kind; love is not envious or boastful or arrogant 5 or rude. It does not insist on its own way; it is not irritable or resentful; 6 it does not rejoice in wrongdoing, but rejoices in the truth. 7 It bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things. 8 Love never ends." (13:4-8). ++ "And now these three remain: Faith, Hope and Love. But the greatest of these is Love." (13:13). +++34 Gifts of Prophecy and tongues. (14). ++ "1 Follow the way of love and eagerly desire spiritual gifts, especially the gift of prophecy." (14:1). ++ "He who speaks in a tongue edifies himself, but he who prophesies edifies the church." (14:4). +++35 Gifts should not interfere with orderly worship. (14:20-40). ++ "27 If anyone speaks in a tongue, two - or at the most three - should speak, one at a time, and someone must interpret. 28 If there is no interpreter, the speaker should keep quiet in the church and speak to himself and God." (14:27-28). ++ "For God is not a God of disorder but of peace." (14:33). ++ "Therefore, my brothers, be eager to prophesy, and do not forbid speaking in tongues. But everything should be done in a fitting and orderly way." (14:39-40). +++36 Eyewitnesses to the resurrected Christ. (15:1-11). +++ "2 By this gospel you are saved,... 3 For what I received I passed on to you as of first importance: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, 4 that He was buried, that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures, 5 and that He appeared to ..." (15:4-8). +++37 Absolute necessity of Christ's Resurrection (15:12-34). ++ "And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith." (15:14). ++ "16 For if the dead are not raised, then Christ has not been raised. 17 And if Christ has not been raised, your faith is futile; you are still in your sins. 18 Then those also who have fallen asleep in Christ are lost. 19 If only for this life we have hope in Christ, we are to be pitied more than all men." (15:16-19). ++ "26 The last enemy to be destroyed is death." (15:26). ++ "33 Do not be misled: "Bad company corrupts good character." (15:33). +++38 A new heavenly body (15:35-40). ++ "42 So will it be with the resurrection of the dead. The body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable; 43 it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory; it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power; 44 it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body." (15:40-44). ++ "45 So it is written: "The first man Adam became a living being"; {Gen.2:7} the last Adam (Christ), a life-giving spirit. 46 The spiritual did not come first, but the natural, and after that the spiritual. 47 The first man was of the dust of the earth, the second Man from heaven. 48 As was the man of dust, so are those who are of the dust; and as is the Man of heaven, so are those who are of heaven. 49 Just as we have borne the image of the man of dust, we will also bear the image of the Man of heaven." (15:45-49). +++39 Final victory over death. (15:50-59). ++ "56 The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. 57 But thanks be to God! He gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ." (15:56-57). ++ "Therefore, my dear brothers, stand firm. Let nothing move you. Always give yourselves fully to the work of the Lord, because you know that your labor in the Lord is not in vain." (15:58). +++40 Collection to help God's people. (16:1-4). +++41 Final greetings (16:5-24). ++ "23 The grace of the Lord Jesus be with you. 24 My love to all of you in Christ Jesus. Amen." (16:23-24).
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(<<) 47 - 2 CORINTHIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 55 and 57, a few months after 1 Corinthians.
Title: From Paul's second recorded letter to the church at Corinth.
Background:
Titus returns to Paul at Macedonia to report on the Corinthians' reactions to Paul's previous letter (what we know as 1 Corinthians) -- that most of the church at Corinth has repented. Nevertheless, some false teachers, leaders of a rebellious minority, seek to belittle Paul's authority and to sway the people away from the message he has shared with them. These false prophets accuse Paul of being proud, dishonest, lacking in speech and stature, and unqualified as an apostle of Jesus Christ.
Where Written: Possibly the Macedonian city of Philippi.
To Whom: To the church at Corinth.
Content:
This intensely personal letter from Paul uncovers his heartfelt emotions, ambitions and love for the church. Paul explains in detail his career and some of the trials he endures in the service of Christ, including a thorn in the flesh to keep him humble. He then recounts the need for a collection to be made ready for Macedonian churches. The joy of generous giving is emphasized. Finally, Paul defends the validity of his apostolic ministry and calling from God.
Key Words:
"Authority"; "Reconciliation"; "Sharing." The "authority" which Paul declares over the Corinthians as their spiritual father is granted to him by God, and he challenges every Christian with the responsibility of seeking "reconciliation" of divisions within his church, his family and with others. Once Christians understand the principles of total "sharing," they can begin to stand upon the other promises of God.
+ 2 Corinthians 5:7,17,20
+ 7 We live by Faith, not by sight. + 17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new. + 20 We are Christ’s ambassadors, and God is using us to speak to you. We urge you, as though Christ Himself were here pleading with you, "Be reconciled to God!”
Themes:
+1 God's goodness is more powerful than Satan's evil. +2 Being granted the ability and privilege to give to God's work is a blessing in itself. +3 Not all religious teachers are of the Lord. +4 Not all religious teachers have our best interests in mind. +5 Words from the righteous are sometimes misunderstood and condemned by the world. +6 It is okay to boast ... about Jesus Christ and what He has done.
Outline:
1. Introduction. 1 1-1:11
2. Paul's ministry and philosophy expounded. 1:12-7:16
3. Stewardship encouraged. 8:1-9:15
4. Paul's authority as an apostle examined. 10:1-13:10
5. Final exhortations. 13:11-13:14
2 CORINTHIANS (Summary):
+++7 Those in Christ will be comforted (1:3-11). ++ "3 Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of compassion and the God of all comfort, 4 who comforts us in all our troubles, so that we can comfort those in any trouble with the comfort we ourselves have received from God." (1:3-4). +++8 "20 For no matter how many promises God has made, they are "Yes" in Christ. And so through Him the "Amen" is spoken by us to the glory of God." (1:20). +++9 Christian forgiving: ++ "11 in order that Satan might not outwit us. For we are not unaware of his schemes." (2:11). +++10 "17 Unlike so many, we do not peddle the word of God for profit. On the contrary, in Christ we speak before God with sincerity, like men sent from God." (2:17). +++11 All power and success come from God (3:1-6). ++ "3 You show that you are a letter from Christ, the result of our ministry, written not with ink but with the Spirit of the living God, not on tablets of stone but on tablets of human hearts." (3:3). ++ "4 Such confidence as this is ours through Christ before God. 5 Not that we are competent in ourselves to claim anything for ourselves, but our competence comes from God. 6 He has made us competent as ministers of a New Covenant - not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life." (3:4-6). +++12 Ministry of the Spirit is the glory which last. (3:7-18). ++ "17 Now the Lord is the Spirit, and where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is Freedom." (3:17). +++13 Jesus is the essence of preaching (4:1-6): ++ "3 And even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing. 4 The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers, so that they cannot see the light of the Gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God. 5 For we do not preach ourselves, but Jesus Christ as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus' sake. 6 For God, who said, "Let light shine out of darkness," {Gen.1:3} made His light shine in our hearts to give us the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ." (4:3-6). +++14 Trials and persecutions abound (4:7-15). ++ "8 We are hard pressed on every side, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair; 9 persecuted, but not abandoned; struck down, but not destroyed." (4:8-9). ++ " It is written: "I believed; therefore I have spoken." {Ps.116:10} With that same spirit of faith we also believe and therefore speak. 14 because we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus from the dead will also raise us with Jesus and present us with you in His presence." (4:13-14). ++ "15 All of this is for your benefit. And as God's grace reaches more and more people, there will be great thanksgiving, and God will receive more and more glory." (4:15). +++15 What is unseen is eternal: ++ "16 Therefore we do not lose heart. Though outwardly we are wasting away, yet inwardly we are being renewed day by day. 17 For our light and momentary troubles are achieving for us an eternal glory that far outweighs them all. 18 So we fix our eyes not on what is seen, but on what is unseen. For what is seen is temporary, but what is unseen is eternal." (4:16-18). +++16 Heavenly bodies for believers - a place in heaven (5:1-10). ++ "1 Now we know that if the earthly tent we live in is destroyed, we have a building from God, an eternal house in heaven, not built by human hands." (5:1). ++ "7 We live by faith, not by sight." (5:7). +++17 Ambassadors of God's love. (5:11-21): ++ "17 Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come!" (5:17). ++ Be reconciled to God: ++ "18 All this is from God, who reconciled us to Himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: 19 that God was reconciling the world to Himself in Christ, not counting men's sins against them. And He has committed to us the message of reconciliation. 20 We are therefore Christ's ambassadors, as though God were making His appeal through us. We implore you on Christ's behalf: Be reconciled to God. 21 God made Him who had no sin to be sin for us, so that in Him we might become the righteousness of God." (5:18-21). +++18 Believers are exhorted to be separate from unbelievers. (6:14-18): ++ "14 Do not be yoked together with unbelievers. For what do righteousness and wickedness have in common? Or what fellowship can light have with darkness?" (6:14). +++19 "1 Since we have these promises, dear friends, let us purify ourselves from everything that contaminates body and spirit, perfecting holiness out of reverence for God." (7:1). +++20 Repentance bring joy and encourager (7:2-16): ++ "Godly sorrow brings repentance that leads to salvation and leaves no regret, but worldly sorrow brings death." (7:10). +++21 Christians' Giving (8:1-24) ++ "But just as you excel in everything - in faith, in speech, in knowledge, in complete earnestness and in your love for us - see that you also excel in this grace of Giving." (8:7). +++22 The cheerful Giver (9:6-15). +++ "6 Remember this: Whoever sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and whoever sows generously will also reap generously. 7 Each man should give what he has decided in his heart to give, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. 8 And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that in all things at all times, having all that you need, you will abound in every good work." (9:6-8). ++ "11 You will be made rich in every way so that you can be generous on every occasion, and through us your generosity will result in thanksgiving to God. 12 This service that you perform is not only supplying the needs of God's people but is also overflowing in many expressions of thanks to God. 13 Because of the service by which you have proved yourselves, men will praise God for the obedience that accompanies your confession of the gospel of Christ, and for your generosity in sharing with them and with everyone else." (9:11-14). ++ "15 Thanks be to God for His indescribable gift!" (9:15). +++23 Our strength is in the Power of God. (10:1-11): ++ "3 For though we live in the world, we do not wage war as the world does. 4 The weapons we fight with are not the weapons of the world. On the contrary, they have divine power to demolish strongholds. 5 We demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ." (10:3-5). ++ "17 But, "Let him who boasts boast in the Lord." {Jer.9:24}. (10:17). +++24 Condemn for false ministries. (11:1-15). ++ "13 For such men are false apostles, deceitful workmen, masquerading as apostles of Christ. 14 And no wonder, for Satan himself masquerades as an angel of light. 15 It is not surprising, then, if his servants masquerade as servants of righteousness. Their end will be what their actions deserve." (11:13-15). +++25 Paul's sufferings support his reluctant boasts. (11:16-33). ++ "28 Besides everything else, I face daily the pressure of my concern for all the churches." (11:28). +++26 Vision of paradise: -- "2 I know a man in Christ (Paul?) who fourteen years ago was caught up to the third heaven. Whether it was in the body or out of the body I do not know -- God knows." (12:2). +++27 Thorn in the flesh: -- "7 To keep me from becoming conceited because of these surpassingly great revelations, there was given me a thorn in my flesh, a messenger of Satan, to torment me. 8 Three times I pleaded with the Lord to take it away from me. 9 But He said to me, "My grace is sufficient for you, for My power is made perfect in weakness." Therefore I will boast all the more gladly about my weaknesses, so that Christ's power may rest on me." (12:7-9). ++ "10 That is why, for Christ's sake, I delight in weaknesses, in insults, in hardships, in persecutions, in difficulties. For when I am weak, then I am strong." (12:10). +++28 Warning for sinners (13:1-10). ++ "4 For though He was crucified in weakness, yet He lives by the power of God. For we also are weak in Him, but we shall live with Him by the power of God toward you. 5 Examine yourselves to see whether you are living in the faith. Test yourselves. Do you not realize that Jesus Christ is in you? - unless, indeed, you fail to meet the test!" (13:4-5). +++29 "May the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all." (13:14).
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(<<) 48 - GALATIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 49 and 55.
Title: Named after the addressee of this letter: the church at Galatia.
Background:
Jews greatly outnumber Gentiles in the early churches, such as the one at Galatia; thus, many questions and issues arise when non-Jews come into the church. The Judaizers, a group of Jewish believers, follow Paul as he evangelizes. They insist that the Gentile believers must submit to circumcision and the laws of Moses in order to be saved. The book of Galatians is Paul's response to this erroneous teaching. Salvation is a gift of grace, wholly dependent upon faith in Jesus Christ. Galatians has been called the "Magna Charts" of the church.
Where Written: Possibly Antioch or Ephesus.
To Whom: To the Christians at Galatia.
Content:
Paul uses this letter to remind Christians that they are heirs of God as His own children. This inheritance is not available by works, but only by faith in Jesus Christ. Paul, a Jew himself, refutes the false teaching that each Gentile Christian must be converted to Judaism and follow strict observance of every Mosaic law. He summarizes the Gospel and then declares how Abraham was saved by faith about 400 years before the law was revealed through Moses. After defending his credentials as an apostle, Paul concludes with discussions on walking in the Spirit and the fruit of the Spirit.
Key Words:
"Grace"; "Liberty." Not by our own good works, but only by the "grace" of God are we justified and brought into a right relationship with God. This "liberty" God has granted us is made possible by Christ's payment for our sins and the Holy Spirit's leading us from sin's bondage.
+ Galatians 5:1, 13 + 1 Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery. + 13 You, my beloved, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the sinful nature; rather, serve one another in love.
+ Galatians 5:22-23 + 22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, 23 gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law.
Themes:
+1 The law was given to reveal man's sinfulness and guilt. +2 To live under the law is bondage ... to live by faith is freedom. +3 Christians are not bound by the law ... Christ has set us free. + Liberty is not license to continue in sin. +4 The Christian's power to live victoriously over sin comes from the Holy Spirit.
Outline:
1 The only Gospel. 1:1-1:10
2. Paul's calling by God and acceptance by the apostles. 1:11-2:10
3. Explanation of grace by faith. 2:11-4:31
4. Freedom in Christ. 5:1-6:10
5. Final blessings. 6:11-6:18
GALATIANS (Summary):
+++5 Greeting: + "3 Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ, 4 who gave Himself for our sins to rescue us from the present evil age, according to the will of our God and Father, 5 to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen." (1:3-5). +++6 The Gospel of Christ, the only Gospel. (1:6-10). ++ "8 But even if we or an angel from heaven should preach a Gospel other than the one we preached to you, let him be eternally condemned!" (1:8). ++ "10 Am I now trying to win the approval of men, or of God? Or am I trying to please men? If I were still trying to please men, I would not be a servant of Christ." (1:10). +++7 Paul's message is from Jesus Christ. (1:11-24). ++ "+11 I want you to know, brothers, that the Gospel I preached is not something that man made up. +12 I did not receive it from any man, nor was I taught it; rather, I received it by revelation from Jesus Christ." (1:11-12). +++8 Jerusalem church accepts Paul. (2:1-10). +++9 Paul defended his faith. (2:11-21): ++ "16 Know that a man is not justified by observing the law, but by faith in Jesus Christ. So we, too, have put our faith in Christ Jesus that we may be justified by faith in Christ and not by observing the law, because by observing the law no one will be justified." (2:16). ++ "19 For through the law I died to the law so that I might live for God. 20 I have been crucified with Christ and I no longer live, but Christ lives in me. The life I live in the body, I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me. 21 I do not set aside the grace of God, for if righteousness could be gained through the law, Christ died for nothing!" (2:19-21). +++10 God gives His Spirit to those who believe. (3:1-5): ++ "3 Are you so foolish? After beginning with the Spirit, are you now trying to attain your goal by human effort?" (3:3). +++11 Justify by faith - The righteous will live by faith. (3:6-18): ++ "6 Consider Abraham: "He believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness." {Gen.15:6}. 7 Understand, then, that those who believe are children of Abraham (by faith). 8 The Scripture foresaw that God would justify the Gentiles by faith, and announced the Gospel in advance to Abraham: "All nations will be blessed through you." {Gen.12:3;18:18;22:18}." (3:6-8). ++ "9 So those who have faith are blessed along with Abraham, the man of faith." (3:9). ++ "+11 Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, "The righteous will live by faith." {Hab.2:4}. (3:11). ++ "12 The law is not based on faith; on the contrary, "The man who does these things will live by them." {Lev.18:5} 13 Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law by becoming a curse for us, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who is hung on a tree." {Deut.21:23} 14+ He redeemed us in order that the blessing given to Abraham might come to the Gentiles through Christ Jesus, so that by faith we might receive the promise of the Spirit." (3:12-14). +++12 The law was given to lead us to Christ. (3:19-25):. ++ "+22 But the Scripture has imprisoned all things under the power of sin, so that what was promised through faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. +23 Now before faith came, we were imprisoned and guarded under the law until faith would be revealed. +24 Therefore the law was our disciplinarian (tutor) until Christ came, so that we might be justified by faith. 25 Now that Faith has come, we are no longer under the supervision of the law." (3:22-25). +++13 Privileges are given to children of God (3:26-29): ++ "26 You are all children of God through faith in Christ Jesus, 27 for all of you who were baptized into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ." (3:26-27). ++ "+28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, slave nor free, male nor female, for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 If you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise." (3:28-29). +++14 The Holy Spirit testifies we are children of God (4:1-7): ++ "6 And because you are children, God has sent the Spirit of His Son into our hearts, crying, "Abba! Father!" +7 So you are no longer a slave but a child, and if a child then also an heir, through God." (4:6-7). +++15 Legalism in the church (4:8-20). ++ "16 Have I now become your enemy by telling you the truth?" (4:16). +++16 Illustration of God's two covenants through Abraham's two sons. (4:21-31). ++ "21 Tell me, you who desire to be under the law, do you not hear the law? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons: the one by a bondwoman, the other by a freewoman. 23 But he who was of the bondwoman was born according to the flesh, and he of the freewoman through promise," (4:22-24). +++17 Freedom in Christ (5:1-15). ++ "1 It is for freedom that Christ has set us free. Stand firm, then, and do not let yourselves be burdened again by a yoke of slavery." (5:1). ++ "+4 You who are trying to be justified by law have been alienated from Christ; you have fallen away from grace. +5 For through the Spirit, by faith, we eagerly wait for the hope of righteousness. +6 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision nor uncircumcision counts for anything; the only thing that counts is faith working (expressing) through love." (5:4-6). ++ "+13 You, my brothers, were called to be free. But do not use your freedom to indulge the sinful nature; also rather, serve one another in love. +14 The entire law is summed up in a single command: "Love your neighbor as yourself." {Lev.19:18}. +15 If you keep on biting and devouring each other, watch out or you will be destroyed by each other." (5:13-15). +++18 Spirit and sinful nature (the flesh) in constant battle (5:16-18): +- "+16 So I say, live by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the sinful nature. +17 For the sinful nature desires what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the sinful nature. They are in conflict with each other, so that you do not do what you want. +18 But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under law." (5:16-18). +++19 Acts of the sinful nature (the flesh). (5:19-21). +++20 Fruit of the Spirit (5:22-26). ++ "+22 But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, +23 gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law." (5:22-23). ++ "+24 And those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the sinful nature with its passions and desires. +25 If we live by the Spirit, let us also be guided by the Spirit. +26 Let us not become conceited, competing against one another, envying one another." (5:24-26). +++21 Carrying other's burdens and helping others. (6:1-5): ++ "+1 Brothers, if someone is caught in a sin, you who are spiritual should restore him gently. But watch yourself, or you also may be tempted. 2+ Carry each other's burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ." (6:1-2). +++22 Reaping what is sown (6:6-10). ++ "+6 Those who are taught the word must share in all good things with their teacher." (6:6). ++ "+7 Do not be deceived; God is not mocked, for you reap whatever you sow. +8 If you sow to your own flesh, you will reap corruption from the flesh; but if you sow to the Spirit, you will reap eternal life from the Spirit. +9 So let us not grow weary in doing what is right, for we will reap at harvest-time, if we do not give up. +10 So then, whenever we have an opportunity, let us (do) work for the good of all, and especially for those of the family of faith." (6:7-10). +++23 Boasting only in the cross of Jesus (6:11-16). ++ "+14 May I never boast of anything except the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ, by which the world has been crucified to me, and I to the world. +15 Neither circumcision nor uncircumcision means anything; what counts is a new creation." (6:14-15). ++ "+18 May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit, beloved. Amen." (6:18).
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(<<) 49 - EPHESIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 60 and 61.
Title: Named after the addressee of this letter: the church at Ephesus. However, this letter to the Ephesians is passed along to other Roman cities as well.
Background:
Jewish converts in the early churches are often separating themselves. Paul uses this occasion to stress the unity of believers. Along with Colossians, Philippians and Philemon, Ephesians is considered one of the 4 "Prison Epistles" because it is written during Paul's two-year imprisonment in Rome; therefore, he sends the letter to Asia by his friend Tychicus. Paul has visited Ephesus before, and on his third missionary journey he stays there for about 3 years preaching Christ. It is during this time Paul develops a special concern for the people, as revealed in his letter.
Where Written: From a Roman prison.
To Whom: To the Christians at Ephesus.
Content:
Ephesians does not address specific problems or situations in the church. Instead, it is written to encourage the body of Christ to maturity in Him. Paul presents an overview of the plan and purposes of God from the beginning of time. The privileges and unity which Christ gives believers prepare them daily for spiritual warfare. Practical guidance is given for relationships between husbands and wives (chapter 5); parents and children, and masters and slaves (chapter 6). Paul shares that for a Christian to be successful, he must first realize the wealth of his position in Christ and the power found if he will "put on the full armor of God" (6:11).
Key Words:
"Riches"; "One." All believers in Christ are heirs of the "riches" of Christ and of His grace and glory. Ephesians seeks to unify the body by emphasizing that there is "one" Lord, "one" faith and "one" baptism (4:5).
+ Ephesians 4:4-6 + 4 There is one body and one Spirit -- just as you were called to one hope when you were called -- 5 one Lord, one Faith, one Baptism; 6 one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all.
+ Ephesians 2:8-10 + 8 For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God -- 9 not the result of works, so that no one may boast. 10 For we are His workmanship, created in Christ Jesus for good works, which God prepared beforehand that we should walk in them.
Themes:
+1 The Holy Spirit seals believers as belonging to God. +2 The body of Christ is the church... through which His eternal plan is fulfilled. +3 God has given every believer all the provisions necessary to have victory over attacks from Satan. +4 We are helpless against Satan's onslaughts in our own might ... our strength is obtained from the armor of God. +5 If Christians will understand their calling in Christ, proper conduct in Him will follow.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1:1-1: 2
2. Christians' position in Christ. 1:3 -3:21
3. Unity and holiness for the Ephesian church. 4:1-5:21
4. Relationships based on Christ. 5:22-6:9
5. Spiritual warfare. 6:10-6:20
6. Final words. 6:21-6:24
EPHESIANS (Summary):
+++6 "Grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (1:2). +++7 God lovingly adopts us (1:3-14): ++ "3 Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing in Christ. 4 For He chose us in Him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in His sight. In love 5 He predestined us to be adopted as His sons through Jesus Christ, in accordance with His pleasure and will - 6 to the praise of His glorious grace, which He has freely given us in the One He loves." (1:3-6). ++ "7 In Him we have redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, in accordance with the riches of God's grace 8 that He lavished on us with all wisdom and understanding. 9 And He made known to us the mystery of His will according to His good pleasure, which He purposed in Christ, 10 to be put into effect when the times will have reached their fulfillment -- to bring all things in heaven and on earth together under one head, even Christ." (1:7-10). +++8 "13 And you also were included in Christ when you heard the word of truth, the Gospel of your salvation. Having believed, you were marked in Him with a seal, the promised Holy Spirit, 14 who is a deposit guaranteeing our inheritance until the redemption of those who are God's possession -- to the praise of His glory." +++9 Give thanks for believers in Christ (1:15-23): +++ "15 Ever since I heard about your faith in the Lord Jesus and your love for all the saints, and for this reason, 16 I have not stopped giving thanks for you, remembering you in my prayers. 17 I keep asking that the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the glorious Father, may give you the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, so that you may know Him better." (1:15-17). +++ "18 I pray also that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened in order that you may know the hope to which He has called you, the riches of His glorious inheritance in the saints, 19 and His incomparably great power for us who believe. That power is like the working of His mighty strength, 20 which He exerted in Christ when He raised Him from the dead and seated Him at His right hand in the heavenly realms, 21 far above all rule and authority, power and dominion, and every title that can be given, not only in the present age but also in the one to come." (1:18-21). +++ "22 And God placed all things under His feet and appointed Him to be head over everything for the church, 23 which is His body, the fullness of Him who fills everything in every way." (1:22-23). +++10 God loves us despite our sinful nature (2:1-10): +++ "1 As for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins, 2 in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. 3 All of us once lived among them in the passions of our sinful nature, following the desires of flesh and senses (thoughts), and we were by nature children of wrath, like everyone else. 4 But because of His great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, 5 made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions -- it is by grace you have been saved." (2:1-5). +++ "6 And God raised us up with Christ and seated us with Him in the heavenly realms in Christ Jesus, 7 in order that in the coming ages He might show the incomparable riches of His grace, expressed in His kindness to us in Christ Jesus." +++11 Save by Faith: -- "8 For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith -- and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God -- 9 not by works, so that no one can boast. 10 For we are God's workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do." (2:8-10). +++12 The Cross unites God's people (One in Christ) (2:11-22): +++ "12 Remember that you were at that time without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers to the covenants of promise, having no hope and without God in the world. 13 But now in Christ Jesus you who once were far off have been brought near by the blood of Christ." (2:12-13). +++ "14 For He Himself is our peace; in His flesh He has made both groups (Jews and Gentiles) into one and has broken down the dividing wall, that is, the hostility between us. 15 He has abolished the law with its commandments and ordinances, that He might create in Himself one new humanity in place of the two, thus making peace, 16 and might reconcile both groups to God in one body through the cross, thus putting to death their hostility." (2:14-16). +++ "17 He came and preached peace to you who were far away and peace to those who were near. 18 For through Him we both have access to the Father by one Spirit." (2:17-18). +++ "19 So now you are no longer strangers and aliens, but fellow citizens with God's people and members of God's household, 20 built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets, with Christ Jesus Himself as the chief cornerstone. 21 In Him the whole building (structure) is joined together and rises to become a holy temple in the Lord. 22 And in Him you too are being built together to become a dwelling in which God lives by His Spirit." (2:19-22). +++13 Paul's special mission of preaching Christ to the Gentiles. (3:1-13): ++ "I became a servant of this gospel by the gift of God's grace given me through the working of His power." (3:7). +++ "10 His intent was that now, through the church, the manifold wisdom of God should be made known to the rulers and authorities in the heavenly realms, 11 according to His eternal purpose which He accomplished in Christ Jesus our Lord. 12 In Him and through faith in Him we may approach God with freedom and confidence." (3:10-12). +++14 Pray for the love of God be appreciated (3:14-20): +++ "14 For this reason I kneel before the Father, 15 from whom His whole family in heaven and on earth derives its name. 16 + I pray that out of His glorious riches He may strengthen you with power through His Spirit in your inner being, 17 so that Christ may dwell in your hearts through faith. And I pray that you, being rooted and established in love, 18 may have power, together with all the saints, to grasp how wide and long and high and deep is the love of Christ, 19 and to know this love that surpasses knowledge -- that you may be filled to the measure of all the fullness of God." (3:14-19). +++15 One God (4:1-16): ++ "1 As a prisoner for the Lord, then, I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received. 2 Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love." (4:1-2). +++ "4 There is one body and one Spirit - just as you were called to one hope when you were called - 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism; 6 one God and Father of all, who is over all and through all and in all. 7 But to each one of us grace has been given as Christ apportioned it." (4:4-7). +++ "11 It was He who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers, 12 to prepare God's people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may be built up 13 until we all reach unity in the faith and in the knowledge of the Son of God and become mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ." (4:11-13). +++ "14 Then we will no longer be infants, tossed back and forth by the waves, and blown here and there by every wind of teaching and by the cunning and craftiness of men in their deceitful scheming. 15 Instead, speaking the truth in love, we will in all things grow up into Him who is the Head, that is, Christ. 16 From Him the whole body, joined and held together by every supporting ligament, grows and builds itself up in love, as each part does its work." (4:14-16). +++16 Put off your old self; Put on the new self (4:17-32). +++ "20 That is not the way you learned Christ! 21 For surely you have heard about Him and were taught in Him, as truth is in Jesus. 22 You were taught to put away your former way of life, your old self, corrupt and deluded by its lusts (deceitful desires), 23 and to be renewed in the spirit of your minds, 24 and to clothe yourselves with the new self, created according to the likeness of God in true righteousness and holiness." (4:20-24). +++ "29 Let no evil talk come out of your mouths, but only what is useful for building up, as there is need, so that your words may give grace to those who hear. 30 And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, with which you were marked with a seal for the day of redemption. 31 Put away from you all bitterness and wrath and anger and wrangling and slander, together with all malice, 32 and be kind to one another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ has forgiven you." (4:29-32). +++17 Imitators of God should walk as children of light (5:1-21). +++ "1 Be imitators of God, therefore, as dearly loved children 2 and live a life of love, just as Christ loved us and gave Himself up for us as a fragrant offering and sacrifice to God." (5:1-2). +++ "For you were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Live as children of light." (5:8). +++ "15 Be very careful, then, how you live -- not as unwise but as wise, 16+ making the most of every opportunity, because the days are evil. 17 Therefore do not be foolish, but understand what the Lord's will is." (5:15-17). +++ "18 Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to debauchery. Instead, be filled with the Spirit. 19 ++ Speak to one another with psalms, hymns and spiritual songs. Sing and make music in your heart to the Lord, 20 always giving thanks to God the Father for everything, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ." (5:18-20). +++18 Wives submit; Husbands love. (5:22-33). +++19 Proper behavior for children and parents: + "1 Children, obey your parents in the Lord, for this is right. 2 "Honor your father and mother" - which is the first commandment with a promise - 3 "that it may go well with you and that you may enjoy long life on the earth." {Deut.5:16} 4 Fathers (parents), do not exasperate your children; instead, bring them up in the training and instruction of the Lord." (6:1-4). +++20 Armor of God (6:10-20): + "10 Finally, be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. 11 Put on the full armor of God so that you can take your stand against the devil's schemes. 12 ++ For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms." (6:10-12). +++ "Therefore put on the full armor of God, so that when the day of evil comes, you may be able to stand your ground, and after you have done everything, to stand." (6:13). +++ "14 Stand therefore, and fasten the belt of truth around your waist, and put on the breastplate of righteousness. 15 As shoes for your feet put on whatever will make you ready to proclaim the gospel of peace. 16 With all of these, take the shield of faith, with which you will be able to quench all the flaming arrows of the evil one. 17 Take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God." (6:14-17). +++ "And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests. With this in mind, be alert and always keep on praying for all the saints." (6:18). +++ "23 Peace be to the whole community, and love with faith, from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 24 Grace be with all who have an undying love for our Lord Jesus Christ." (6:23-24).
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(<<) 50 - PHILIPPIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 60 and 62.
Title: Named after the addressee of this letter: the church at Philippi.
Background:
There are not enough Jewish believers in the Macedonian city of Philippi when Paul arrives on his second missionary journey, so he establishes a church that is predominantly Gentile. These believers hold a special place in Paul's heart because of their unsolicited financial aid to his ministry of the Gospel on several occasions. Epaphroditus becomes deathly ill after bringing the most recent gift from the church at Philippi to Paul. After his recovery, Paul sends this letter with Epaphroditus to the Philippians as a personal "thank you" note and to strengthen their roots in Christ. Philippians, along with Ephesians, Colossians and Philemon, is one of Paul's "Prison Epistles."
Where Written: From a prison in Rome.
To Whom: To the church at Philippi.
Content:
This warmly affectionate letter from Paul commends the Philippians for their faith and support. He exhorts them to center their lives in Christ and to be content in all situations. Paul has very little occasion to acknowledge any problems in the church although 2 quarreling women, Euodia and Syntyche, are admonished to settle their differences (chapter 4). Paul sets most worthy goals before the people: to live in godly unity and love, to be strong in prayer and to joyfully imitate the example of their Savior, Jesus Christ.
Key Words:
"Gospel"; "Joy." Paul shares the significance of the "gospel" in his relationship with God, as well as with other people. The overwhelming "joy" which Paul has is shown to be available to all Christians, regardless of their circumstances, through an intimate walk with the Lord and by living under the loving care of his church.
+ Philippians 4:4-7
4 Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice! 5 Let your gentleness be evident to all. The Lord is near. 6 Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. 7 And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.
Themes:
+1 A quitter never wins ... a winner never quits. +2 What goes into our minds, comes out in our actions. +3 God never fails. +4 Lasting joy comes only through a relationship with Jesus Christ. +5 Christians also have problems, but Christ is the power to overcome. +6 We have no basis for pride except in our perfect example, Jesus Christ.
Outline:
1. Paul prays for the Philippians. 1:1-1:11
2. Paul's chains advance the gospel. 1:12-1:26
3. Christ is Paul's model for humility. 1:27-2:18
4. Paul commends Timothy and Epaphroditus. 2:19-2:30
5. Knowledge and peace of Christ are exhorted. 3:1-4:20
5. Final greetings. 4:21-4:23
PHILIPPIANS (Summary):
++7 Joyfully Prayers for believers. (1:1-11). +++ "3 I thank my God every time I remember you. 4 In all my prayers for all of you, I always pray with joy 5 because of your partnership in the gospel from the first day until now, 6 being confident of this, that He who began a good work in you will carry it on to completion until the day of Christ Jesus." (1:3-6). +++ "9 And this is my prayer, that your love may overflow more and more with knowledge and full insight 10 to help you to determine what is best, so that you may be pure and blameless till the day of Christ, 11 having produced the harvest of righteousness that comes through Jesus Christ for the glory and praise of God." (1:9-11). +++8 The advance of the Gospel. (1:12-26). +++ "15 It is true that some preach Christ out of envy and rivalry, but others out of goodwill. 16 The latter do so in love, knowing that I am put here for the defense of the gospel. 17 The former preach Christ out of selfish ambition, not sincerely, supposing that they can stir up trouble for me while I am in chains. 18 But what does it matter? The important thing is that in every way, whether from false motives or true, Christ is preached. And because of this I rejoice. Yes, and I will continue to rejoice, 19 for I know that through your prayers and the help given by the Spirit of Jesus Christ, what has happened to me will turn out for my deliverance." (1:15-19). ++9 Living or dying is in God's will (1:20-26). ++10 It is a privelege to suffer for Christ (1:27-29). ++ "Whatever happens, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the Gospel of Christ..." (1:27). +++10 Christ is the model for humility. (2:1-11). +++ "If you have any encouragement from being united with Christ, if any comfort from His love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any tenderness and compassion," (2:1). +++ "Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others." (2:4). +++ "5 Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus: 6 Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, 7 but made Himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness. 8 And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death -- even death on a cross! 9 Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name that is above every name, 10 that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth, 11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father." (2:5-11). ++11 Children of God should shine like stars. (2:12-18). +++ "So that you may become blameless and pure, children of God without fault in a crooked and depraved generation, in which you shine like stars in the universe." (2:15). ++12 Recommend for Timothy and Epaphroditus (2:19-30). ++13 Paul, confession of faith (3:1-12). +++ "But whatever was to my profit I now consider loss for the sake of Christ." (3:7). +++14 Pressing toward the goal (3:12-21). +++ "13 I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of it. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead, 14 I press on toward the goal to win the prize for which God has called me heavenward in Christ Jesus." (3:13-14). +++ "20 But our citizenship is in heaven. And we eagerly await a Savior from there, the Lord Jesus Christ, 21 who, by the power that enables Him to bring everything under His control, will transform our lowly bodies so that they will be like His glorious body." (3:20-21). +++15 The love and peace of God transcends all understanding (4:4-9). +++16 Give thanks to believers' generosity (4:10-20). +++ "I can do everything through him who gives me strength." (4:13). +++17 "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen." (4:23).
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(<<) 51 - COLOSSIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A. D. 60 and 61.
Title: Named after the addressee of this letter: the church at Colosse.
Background:
Paul establishes the church at Ephesus on his second missionary journey. While at Ephesus he develops a special concern for the church at Colosse, even though he has never visited there. Colosse, once similar to the thriving commercial cities of her neighbors, Laodicea and Hierapolis, is declining. The city is infiltrated with false teachings. Paul responds to these false teachings, especially that of Gnosticism -- which claims secret knowledge and powers and denies Christ's true humanity. Paul sends this letter by way of Tychicus and the converted slave Onesimus to the church at Colosse after Epaphras's visit and report on the conditions there. Colossians, Ephesians, Philippians and Philemon comprise Paul's "Prison Epistles."
[ Note: Gnosticism: -- Dualistic religious and philosophical movement of the late Hellenistic and early Christian eras (2nd Century A.D), several posed a serious threat to Christianity; much of early Christian doctrine was formulated in reaction to this danger. Gnosticism taught that the spirit was held captive by evil archons but that through the use of secret formulas it could be freed at death and restored to the heavenly abode. The difficulty in dealing with Gnosticism is that it was not a homogeneous system of either religion or philosophy, but embraced many widely diversified sects holding opinions drawn from a great variety of sources. ]
Where Written: From a Roman prison.
To Whom: To the church at Colosse.
Content:
The first portion of Colossians is doctrinal in nature, and the last is practical application. Paul combats the false teachings of legalism, angel worship and ceremonialism. His defense against such heresy is coupled with his urging commitment to the lordship of Christ. Believers are encouraged to take off the old self and put on the new self (3:9,10) by living righteous lives before God. These rules for holy living give them freedom from human regulations as they follow Christ's example.
Key Words:
"Supremacy"; "Head." The book of Colossians is written to a church being diluted with vain, worldly philosophies. The "supremacy" of Christ in every area of life is emphasized as Christ is presented as "head" of the body, His church.
+ Colossians 2:9-10
9 For in Christ the fullness of God lives in a human body, 10 and you are complete through your union with Christ. He is the Lord over every ruler and authority in the universe.
Themes:
+1 Jesus alone is sufficient to meet every need of our lives. +2 The perfect reflection of invisible God is the perfect Jesus Christ. +3 Philosophies which do not exalt Christ are not from God. +4 Our relationship with God is reflected through our relationship with others.
Outline:
1. Paul's prayer for the Colossians. 1:1-1:14
2. Supremacy of Christ. 1:15-2:5
3. Deceptive philosophies. 2:6-2:23
4. Exhortation for holy living. 3:1-3:17
5. Guidelines for Christian relationships. 3:18-4:1
6. Final instructions. 4:2-4:18
COLOSSIANS (Summary):
+++5 Pray and Thank God for believers' faithfulness (1:3-14): +++ "3 In our prayers for you we always thank God, the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, 4 because we have heard of your faith in Christ Jesus and of the love that you have for all the saints, 5 the faith and love that spring from the hope that is stored up for you in heaven and that you have already heard about in the word of truth, the Gospel 6 that has come to you. All over the world this Gospel is bearing fruit and growing, just as it has been doing among you since the day you heard it and understood God's grace in all its truth." (1:3-6). +++ "And who has made known to us your love in the Spirit." (3:8). +++ "9 For this reason, since the day we heard about you, we have not stopped praying for you and asking God to fill you with the knowledge of His will through all spiritual wisdom and understanding. 10+ And we pray this in order that you may live a life worthy of the Lord and may please Him in every way: bearing fruit in every good work, growing in the knowledge of God, 11+ being strengthened with all power according to His glorious might so that you may have great endurance and patience, and joyfully 12 giving thanks to the Father, who has qualified you to share in the inheritance of the saints in the kingdom of light." (1:9-12). +++6 "13 For He has rescued us from the dominion of darkness and brought us into the kingdom of the Son He loves, 14 in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins." (1:13-14). +++7 The nature of Jesus Christ (1:15-23). +++ "15 He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. 16 For by Him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by Him and for Him. 17 He is before all things, and in Him all things hold together." (1:15-17). +++ "18 And He is the head of the body, the church; He is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the supremacy (first place in everything). 19 For in Him all the fullness of God was pleased to dwell, 20 and through Him God was pleased to reconcile to Himself all things, whether on earth or in heaven, by making peace through the blood of His cross." +++8 "21 Once you were alienated from God and were enemies in your minds because of your evil behavior. 22 But now He has reconciled you by Christ's physical body through death to present you holy in His sight, without blemish and free from accusation - 23 if you continue in your faith, established and firm, not moved from the hope held out in the Gospel. This is the Gospel that you heard and that has been proclaimed to every creature under heaven. I, Paul, became a servant of this Gospel." (1:21-23). +++9 Paul's Ministry to the Gentiles (1:24-29): +++ "25 I became its servant according to God’s commission that was given to me for you, to make the word of God fully known, 26 the mystery that has been hidden throughout the ages and generations but has now been revealed to His saints. 27++ To them God chose to make known how great among the Gentiles are the riches of the glory of this mystery, which is Christ in you, the hope of glory." (1:25-27). +++ "It is He whom we proclaim, warning everyone and teaching everyone in all wisdom, so that we may present everyone mature (perfect) in Christ." (1:28). +++10 Growing in the knowledge of Jesus Christ (2:1-5): ++ "2 I want their hearts to be encouraged and united in love, so that they may have all the riches of assured understanding and have the knowledge of God’s mystery, that is, Christ Himself, 3 in whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge." (2:2-3). +++ " I tell you this so that no one may deceive you by fine-sounding arguments." (2:4). +++11 Freedom from deceptive philosophies (2:6-23): +++ "6 So then, just as you received Christ Jesus as Lord, continue to live in Him, 7 rooted and built up in Him, strengthened in the faith as you were taught, and overflowing with thankfulness." (2:6-7). +++ "8 See to it that no one takes you captive through hollow and deceptive philosophy, which depends on human tradition and the basic principles of this world rather than on Christ." (2:8). +++ "9 For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form, 10 and you have been given fullness in Christ, who is the head over every power and authority." (2:9-10). ++ "11 In Him also you were circumcised with a spiritual circumcision, by putting off the body of the flesh in the circumcision of Christ;+++ "12 When you were buried with Him in baptism, you were also raised with Him through faith in the power of God, who raised Him from the dead." (2:12). +++12 Dead to sin, Alive with Christ: ++ "13 When you were dead in your sins and in the uncircumcision of your sinful nature, God made you alive with Christ. He forgave us all our sins, 14 having canceled the written code, with its regulations, that was against us and that stood opposed to us; He took it away, nailing it to the cross. 15 And having disarmed the powers and authorities, He made a public spectacle of them, triumphing over them by the cross." (2:13-15). +++13 Warning against false humility, philosophies, religious regulations, traditions,... (2:18-23): ++ "Since you died with Christ to the basic principles of this world, why, as though you still belonged to it, do you submit to its rules:" (2:20). +++14 Heavenly thoughts and desires: +++ "1 Since, then, you have been raised with Christ, set your hearts on things above, where Christ is seated at the right hand of God. 2 Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things. 3 For you died, and your life is now hidden with Christ in God. 4 When Christ, who is your life, appears, then you also will appear with Him in glory." (3:1-4). +++15 Put to dead the earthly nature and put on love (3:5-17): ++ "8 But now you must rid yourselves of all such things as these: anger, rage, malice, slander, and filthy language from your lips. 9 Do not lie to each other, since you have taken off your old self with its practices 10 and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator." (3:8-10). +++ "11 Here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all and in all." (3:11). +++16 Put on love, peace and unity: +++ "12 Therefore, as God's chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience. 13 Bear with each other and forgive whatever grievances you may have against one another. Forgive as the Lord forgave you. 14 And over all these virtues put on love, which binds them all together in perfect unity. 15++ Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, since as members of one body you were called to peace. And be thankful. 16++ Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly as you teach and admonish one another with all wisdom, and as you sing psalms, hymns and spiritual songs with gratitude in your hearts to God. 17+++ And whatever you do, whether in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him." (3:12-17). +++17 Guidelines for the Christian family (3:18-25): +++ "23 Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for men, 24 knowing that from the Lord you will receive the reward of the inheritance; for you serve the Lord Christ. 25 Anyone who does wrong will be repaid for his wrong, and there is no favoritism." (3:23-25). +++18 Devote to Prayers and Witnessing (4:2-6). +++ "2 Devote yourselves to prayer, being watchful (alert) and thankful. 3 And pray for us, too, that God may open a door for our message, so that we may proclaim the mystery of Christ, for which I am in chains. 4 Pray that I may proclaim it clearly, as I should." (4:2-4). +++ "5 Be wise in the way you act toward outsiders; make the most of every opportunity. 6 Let your conversation be always full of grace, seasoned with salt, so that you may know how to answer everyone." (4:5-6). +++19 Final Greeting (4:10-18): Paul, Aristarchus, Mark, Barnabas, Justus, Epaphras, Luke (the doctor), Archippus, and the churches.
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(<<) 52 - 1 THESSALONIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 50 and 51.
Title: From Paul's first recorded letter to the church at Thessalonica.
Background:
Thessalonica is the capital city of Macedonia, a Roman province. When Paul arrives there on his second missionary journey, it is a thriving trade center and seaport of some 200,000 people. Paul's preaching brings many to faith in Jesus Christ, but intense persecution by the unbelievers forces him to flee the city. Paul goes to Berea where he leaves his companions, Timothy and Silas, to carry on the ministry. But the dissenting people from Thessalonica follow him there to incite a riot. Paul goes to Athens and then to Corinth where he receives an updated report from Timothy on the Thessalonian Christians. This letter is Paul's response.
Where Written: Corinth.
To Whom: To the church at Thessalonica.
Content:
Among the first of Paul's letters, Thessalonians is written to encourage the young church at Thessalonica and to commend them for their diligent faith. Paul instructs the believers to live lives of holiness and orderliness and includes a plea against sexual immorality. This dynamic fellowship is a constant source of joy for Paul. But some in the church misunderstand the second coming of Christ, thinking the believers who die before Christ's return will miss out on the resurrection. Paul assures them that the dead in Christ will indeed be the first to rise, and they then will be caught up together with those alive to meet the Lord in the air. This letter from Paul closes with various exhortations and blessings.
Key Words:
"Steadfastness"; "Second Coming." Paul commends the Thessalonian believers for their "steadfastness" in faith despite their background of Greek paganism. At a time when the "second coming" of Christ is expected soon, Paul writes on the comfort, necessity and certainty of Christ's return.
+ 1 Thessalonians 4:14
We believe that Jesus died and rose again and so we believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in Him.
Themes:
+1 God expects believers to be examples for unbelievers. +2 Persecution is never a reason to leave God. +3 Our ultimate victory is in Christ. +4 The return of Jesus Christ is certain. +5 Christians should pray for their church and their leaders. +6 Living a sanctified life is God's will for every believer.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1:1
2. Thanksgiving for the Thessalonians' faith. 1:2-1:10
3. Paul's ministry in Thessalonica. 2:1-4:12
4. Preparations for the coming of the Lord. 4:13-5:11
5. Final admonitions. 5:12-5:28
1 THESSALONIANS (Summary):
++7 Thanks God for believers' faithfulness (1:1-10): +++ "2 We always give thanks to God for all of you and mention you in our prayers, constantly 3 remembering before our God and Father your work of faith and labor of love and steadfastness of hope in our Lord Jesus Christ." (1:2-3). +++ "4 For we know, beloved by God, that He has chosen you, 5 because our message of the Gospel came to you not in word only, but also in power and in the Holy Spirit and with full conviction; just as you know what kind of persons we proved to be among you for your sake." (1:4-5). +++8 Motive for Preaching (2:1-16). +++ "3 For our appeal does not spring from deceit or impure motives or trickery, 4 On the contrary, we speak as men approved by God to be entrusted with the Gospel. We are not trying to please men but God, who tests our hearts. 5 You know we never used flattery, nor did we put on a mask to cover up greed - God is our witness. 6 We were not looking for praise from men, not from you or anyone else." (2:3-6). +++8 "And we also thank God continually because, when you received the Word of God, which you heard from us, you accepted it not as the word of men, but as it actually is, the Word of God, which is at work in you who believe." (2:13). ++9 "For we wanted to come to you - certainly I, Paul, wanted to again and again - but Satan blocked our way." (2:18). +++10 Paul sends Timothy to encourage believers (3:1-10). +++ "Therefore, brothers, in all our distress and persecution we were encouraged about you because of your faith." (3:8). +++11 Pray for believers' growth in the Lord (3:11-13). +++ "12 May the Lord make your love increase and overflow for each other and for everyone else, just as ours does for you. 13 May He strengthen your hearts so that you will be blameless and holy in the presence of our God and Father when our Lord Jesus comes with all His holy ones (saints). +++12 Plea for sexual purity (4:1-8). +++ "3 It is God's will that you should be sanctified: that you should avoid sexual immorality; 4 that each of you should learn to control his own body in a way that is holy and honorable." (4:3-4). +++ "For God did not call us to be impure, but to live a holy life." (4:7). +++13 Brotherly love (4:9-12). +++ "Now about brotherly love we do not need to write to you, for you yourselves have been taught by God to love each other." (4:9). +++14 Sequence of the resurrection and the second coming of Christ. (4:13-18). +++ "14 We believe that Jesus died and rose again and so we believe that God will bring with Jesus those who have fallen asleep in Him. 15+ According to the Lord's own word, we tell you that we who are still alive, who are left till the coming of the Lord, will certainly not precede those who have fallen asleep." (4:14-15). +++15 Second coming of Christ: + "16 For the Lord Himself will come down from heaven, with a loud command, with the voice of the archangel and with the trumpet call of God, and the dead in Christ will rise first. 17 After that, we who are still alive and are left will be caught up together with them in the clouds to meet the Lord in the air. And so we will be with the Lord forever. 18 Therefore encourage each other with these words." (4:16-18). +++16 The Day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night (5:1-11; Mat.24-25; 2Pet.3; Rev.3:3;16:15;...): +++ "2 For you know very well that the day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night. 3 While people are saying, "Peace and safety," destruction will come on them suddenly, as labor pains on a pregnant woman, and they will not escape. 4 But you, brothers, are not in darkness so that this day should surprise you like a thief. 5 You are all children of the light and children of the day. We do not belong to the night or to the darkness." (5:2-5). ++ (Matthew 24:36 "No one knows about that day or hour, not even the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father."). +++17 Warning and Encourage for the Day of Salvation (5:4-11). +++ "8 But since we belong to the day, let us be self-controlled, putting on faith and love as a breastplate, and the hope of salvation as a helmet. 9 For God did not appoint us to suffer wrath but to receive salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ. 10 He died for us so that, whether we are awake or asleep, we may live together with Him. 11 Therefore encourage one another and build each other up, just as in fact you are doing." (5:8-11). +++18 Final admonitions for holy living (5:12-26). +++ "14 And we urge you, brothers, warn those who are idle, encourage the timid, help the weak, be patient with everyone. 15 Make sure that nobody pays back wrong for wrong, but always try to be kind to each other and to everyone else." +++19 Holy living: "16+ Be joyful always; 17+ Pray continually; 18+ Give thanks in all circumstances, for this is God's will for you in Christ Jesus. 19+ Do not put out the Spirit's fire; 20+ Do not treat prophecies with contempt. 21+ Test everything. Hold on to the good. 22+ Avoid every kind of evil. (5:16-22). +++ 23++ May God Himself, the God of peace, sanctify you through and through. May your whole spirit, soul and body be kept blameless at the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ. 24++ The One who calls you is faithful and He will do it. 25+ Beloved, Pray for us." (5:16-25).
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(<<) 53 - 2 THESSALONIANS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: About A.D. 51, a few months after the first letter to the Thessalonians.
Title: From Paul's second recorded letter to the church at Thessalonica.
Background:
The Thessalonian church is confused concerning the second coming of Christ. Either they have misinterpreted Paul's first letter, or they have fallen victim to the deceit of a forged letter claiming to be from the hand of Paul. The church believes Christ's return is about to take place; therefore, many are neglecting their responsibilities and work. They are letting others take care of them while they do nothing more than wait for the Lord's return.
Where Written: Corinth.
To Whom: To the believers at Thessalonica.
Content:
In this letter to the Thessalonians, Paul stresses the importance of Christians using their time wisely. They are commended for their spiritual growth and promised judgment of those persecuting them. The conditions that will prevail at the time of Christ's return are outlined, including the great apostasy which will take place. Paul exhorts the Thessalonian church to remain steadfast in their service as the time of Christ's return is not known. But the absolute surety of His coming is known and is the essence of these words from Paul.
Key Words:
"Persecution"; "Work." The "persecution" of these new Christians continues from legalistic people who will not submit to the Word of God. It is against this background that Paul implores the church not to be idle, but to "work" with patience and diligence.
+ 2 Thessalonians 3:5
May the Lord direct your hearts into God’s love and Christ’s perseverance.
Themes:
+1 God's presence gives peace in every circumstance. +2 Do not put off until tomorrow what you can do for God today. +3 Condemnation awaits those who take pleasure in unrighteousness. +4 The ministry of the Lord is active, not idle. +5 Christians should never grow tired of doing good works.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1:1-1:2
2. Paul's thanksgiving and prayer. 1:3-1:12
3. Concerning the coming of the Lord. 2:1-2:17
4. Exhortation against idleness. 3:1-3:15
5. Final greetings. 3:16-3:18
2 THESSALONIANS (Summary):
++6 Faith, Love, and Perseverance: ++ "2 Grace and peace to you from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. 3 We ought always to thank God for you, brothers, and rightly so, because your faith is growing more and more, and the love every one of you has for each other is increasing. 4 Therefore, among God's churches we boast about your perseverance and faith in all the persecutions and trials you are enduring." (1:2-4). +++7 Suffering for God will be rewarded (1:5-12): +++ "5+ All this is evidence that God's judgment is right, and as a result you will be counted worthy of the kingdom of God, for which you are suffering. 6+ God is just: He will pay back trouble to those who trouble you (Ro.12:19: Vengeance is Mine) 7+ and give relief to you who are troubled, and to us as well. This will happen when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven in blazing fire with His powerful angels." (1:5-7). +++ "8 He will punish those who do not know God and do not obey the Gospel of our Lord Jesus. 9 They will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of the Lord and from the majesty of His power 10 on the day He comes to be glorified in His holy people and to be marveled at among all those who have believed. This includes you, because you believed our testimony to you." (1:8-10). +++8 "11+ With this in mind, we constantly pray for you, that our God may count you worthy of His calling, and that by His power He may fulfill every good purpose of yours and every act prompted by your faith. 12+ We pray this so that the name of our Lord Jesus may be glorified in you, and you in Him, according to the grace of our God and the Lord Jesus Christ." (1:11-12). +++9 The man of lawlessness and his deceiful works. (2:1-12). +++ "1+ Concerning the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ and our being gathered to Him, we ask you, brothers, 2+ not to become easily unsettled or alarmed by some prophecy, report or letter supposed to have come from us, saying that the day of the Lord has already come. 3++ Don't let anyone deceive you in any way, for that day will not come until the rebellion occurs and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the man doomed to destruction." (2:1-3). +++10 "6+ And now you know what is holding him back, so that he may be revealed at the proper time. 7+ For the secret power of lawlessness is already at work; but the One who now holds it back will continue to do so till He is taken out of the way. 8+ And then the lawless one will be revealed, whom the Lord Jesus will overthrow with the breath of His mouth and destroy by the splendor of His coming." (2:6-8). +++11 "9+ The coming of the lawless one will be in accordance with the work of Satan displayed in all kinds of counterfeit miracles, signs and wonders, 10+ and in every sort of evil that deceives those who are perishing. They perish because they refused to love the truth and so be saved. 11+ For this reason God sends them a Powerful Delusion so that they will believe the lie 12+ and so that all will be condemned who have not believed the Truth but have delighted in wickedness." (2:9-12). +++12 Standing firm in the Truth (2:13-17): +++ "13+ But we ought always to thank God for you, brothers loved by the Lord, because from the beginning God chose you to be saved through the + Sanctifying work of the Spirit and through Belief in the truth.+ 14+ He called you to this through our Gospel, that you might share in the glory of our Lord Jesus Christ. 15+ So then, brothers, stand firm and hold to the teachings we passed on to you, whether by word of mouth or by letter." (2:13-15). +++13 "16+ May our Lord Jesus Christ Himself and God our Father, who loved us and by His grace gave us eternal encouragement and good hope, 17+ encourage your hearts and strengthen you in every good deed and word." (2:16-17). +++14 Petition for Prayers (3:1-5). +++ "1+ Finally, brothers, pray for us that the Message of the Lord may spread rapidly and be honored, just as it was with you. 2+ And pray that we may be delivered from wicked and evil men, for not everyone has faith. 3+ But the Lord is faithful, and He will strengthen and protect you from the evil one. 4+ We have confidence in the Lord that you are doing and will continue to do the things we command. 5+ May the Lord direct your hearts into God's love and Christ's perseverance." (3:1-5). +++15 Warn against idleness (3:6-14). +++16 Final greeting: +++ "Now may the Lord of peace Himself give you peace at all times and in every way. The Lord be with all of you." (3:16). ++ "17 I, Paul, write this greeting with my own hand. This is the mark in every letter of mine; it is the way I write. 18 The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all of you." (3:17-18).
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(<<) 54 - 1 TIMOTHY
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 62 and 64.
Title: From Paul's first recorded letter to his associate: Timothy.
Background:
Timothy, born in Lystra, is the son of a devout Jewish woman named Eunice. His spiritual strength and physical weakness, characteristics much like Paul's, make him an ideal co-laborer with Paul. Paul leaves Timothy in Ephesus to give guidance to the church there, which is experiencing some problems. The young and timid Timothy is inexperienced in such pastoral concerns, however, so Paul writes this letter to encourage Timothy and to give his "true son" advice on spiritual leadership and development of a godly church.
Where Written: Possibly the Macedonian city of Philippi.
To Whom: To Timothy.
Content:
This personal letter from Paul to his close ally Timothy serves several purposes. It offers hope and comfort to keep young Timothy on the right path and is a sign for the church that Timothy has the express backing and support of the apostle Paul. Paul offers Timothy advice for his congregation on these concerns: proper worship; qualifications for church officers; relationships with widows, elders and slaves; and the danger of loving money. Admonitions permeate the letter with counsel to help the Christians live godly lives in a healthy church committed to following good and fleeing evil.
Key Words:
"Doctrine"; "Qualifications." Paul exhorts Timothy to remain true to God's ways and to follow no other "doctrine." Specific examples of God's ways include a list of the "qualifications" which the Lord has given for the church's leadership.
+ 1 Timothy 4:12
Don’t let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity.
Themes:
+1 There is only one true doctrine, and only committed Christians are capable of living within it. +2 What we really believe as doctrine will be exhibited by our attitudes and actions. +3 Age is no barrier to being used mightily by God. +4 True leadership is God-given, not manmade. +5 As an athlete must train, so a Christian must exercise and discipline his faith.
Outline:
1. Law versus faith. 1: 1 -2:15
2. Instructions on church offices. 3:1-3:16
3. Advice to Timothy concerning false teachings. 4:1-4:16
4. Advice to Timothy concerning church discipline. 5:1-6:2
5. Dangers of loving money. 6:3-6:21
1 TIMOTHY (Summary):
+++6 Warning against false teachers (1:3-11). +++ "3- As I urged you when I went into Macedonia, stay there in Ephesus so that you may command certain men not to teach false doctrines any longer 4- nor to devote themselves to myths and endless genealogies. These promote controversies (speculations) rather than God's work (divine training, godly edification,...) - which is by faith." (1:3-4). +++ "5++ The goal of the commandment is love, which comes from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith. 6- Some have wandered away from these and turned to meaningless talk. 7- They want to be teachers of the law, but they do not know what they are talking about or what they so confidently affirm." (1:5-7). +++ "8- We know that the law is good if one uses it properly (lawfully). 9- We also know that law is made not for the righteous but for lawbreakers and rebels, the ungodly and sinful, the unholy and irreligious; ..." (1:8-9). +++7 Grateful for Salvation (Paul's testimony) (1:12-20). +++ "12+ I thank Christ Jesus our Lord, who has given me strength, that He considered me faithful, appointing me to His service. 13+ Even though I was once a blasphemer and a persecutor and a violent man, I was shown mercy because I acted in ignorance and unbelief. 14++ The grace of our Lord was poured out on me abundantly, along with the faith and love that are in Christ Jesus." (1:12-14). +++ "15++ Here is a trustworthy saying that deserves full acceptance: Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners - of whom I am the worst. 16+ But for that very reason I was shown mercy so that in me, the worst of sinners, Christ Jesus might display His unlimited patience as an example for those who would believe on Him and receive eternal life." (1:15-16). +++9 "Now to the King eternal, immortal, invisible, the only God, be honor and glory for ever and ever. Amen." (1:17). +++10 + "18+ I am giving you these instructions, Timothy, my child, in accordance with the prophecies made earlier about you, so that by following them you may fight the good fight, 19+ holding on to faith and a good conscience. Some have rejected these and so have suffered shipwreck in their faith." (1:18-19). +++11 Prayer is encouraged (2:1-8). +++ "1+ I urge, then, first of all, that requests, prayers, intercession and thanksgiving be made for everyone - 2+ for kings and all those in authority (high positions), that we may live peaceful and quiet lives in all godliness and holiness (dignity). 3+ This is good, and pleases God our Savior, 4++ Who wants all men to be saved and to come to a knowledge of the truth." (2:1-4). +++12 Jesus Christ: + "5+ For there is one God and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus, 6+ who gave Himself as a ransom for all men - the testimony given in its proper time." (2:5-6). +++ "I want men everywhere to lift up holy hands in prayer, without anger or disputing." +++13 Intruction for women (2:9-15). +++14 Guidlines for the church's leadership (3:1-16). +++ "Here is a trustworthy saying: If anyone sets his heart on being an overseer (elder, bishop), he desires a noble task." (3:1). +++ "6- He must not be a recent convert, or he may become conceited (proud) and fall under the same judgment (condemnation) as the devil.. 7+- He must also have a good reputation with outsiders, so that he will not fall into disgrace and into the devil's trap." (3:6-7). +++15 Advice for Deacons (3:11-12): ++ "8+ Deacons, likewise, are to be men worthy of respect, sincere, not indulging in much wine, and not pursuing dishonest gain. 9+ They must keep hold of the deep truths of the faith with a clear conscience. 10+ They must first be tested; and then if there is nothing against them, let them serve as deacons." (3:8-10). +++16 Family of deacons (3:11-12). +++17 Jesus is the foundation of the church (3:15-16): + "15+ If I am delayed, you will know how people ought to conduct themselves in ++ God's household, which is the church of the living God, the pillar and foundation of the truth. 16++ Beyond all question, the mystery of godliness is great: He was manifested in the flesh, Justified in the Spirit, Seen by angels, Preached among the Gentiles, Believed on in the world, Received up in glory." (3:15-16). +++18 Prediction the coming of false teachers (4:1-5). +++ "1- Now the Spirit expressly says that in later times some will renounce the faith by paying attention to deceitful spirits and teachings of demons, 2- through the hypocrisy of liars, whose consciences are seared with a hot iron. 3- They forbid marriage and demand abstinence from foods, which God created to be received with thanksgiving by those who believe and know the truth." (4:1-3). +++ "4+ For everything God created is good, and nothing is to be rejected if it is received with thanksgiving, 5 because it is consecrated (sanctified) by the word of God and prayer." (4:4-5; ; Acts.11:5-9; Rom.14; 1Cor.8 (food & idols)). +++19 To promote the Truth of God's Word (4:6-15): +++ "7+- Have nothing to do with godless myths and old wives' tales; rather, train yourself in godliness. 8++ For physical training is of some value, but godliness has value for all things, holding promise for both the present life and the life to come." (4:7-8). +++20 Godly life (4:9-15): + "12+ Let no one despise your youth, but be an example to the believers in word, in conduct, in love, in spirit, in faith, in purity. 13 Till I come, give attention to reading (Scripture), to preaching and to teaching." (4:12-13). +++ "14+ Do not neglect your gift, which was given you through a prophetic message when the body of elders laid their hands on you. 15+ Be diligent in these matters; give yourself wholly to them, so that everyone may see your progress. 16+ Watch your life and doctrine closely. Persevere in them, because if you do, you will save both yourself and your hearers." (4:14-16). +++21 The church's proper treatment of believers: ++ of widows (5:1-16). ++ of elders (5:17-25). +- "Do not receive an accusation against an elder except from two or three witnesses." (5:19). ++ "Do not be hasty in the laying on of hands (ordain), and do not share in the sins of others. Keep yourself pure." (5:22). +++ Little wine (but no drunkard): "23 No longer drink only water, but take a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments." (5:23; Eph.5:18: "Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to debauchery (sensuality). Instead, be filled with the Spirit." - No drunkard: Lu.21:34;Ro.13:13;Gal.5:21;1Cor.6:10). +++22 Warning of teachers of false doctrines (6:3-8). +++ "3- If anyone teaches false doctrines and does not agree to the sound instruction of our Lord Jesus Christ and to godly teaching, 4- he is conceited and understands nothing. He has an unhealthy interest in controversies and quarrels about words that result in envy, strife, malicious talk, evil suspicions 5- and constant friction between men of corrupt mind, who have been robbed of the truth and who think that godliness is a means to financial gain. +++23 Contentment: + 6++ But godliness with contentment is great gain. 7+ For we brought nothing into the world, and we can take nothing out of it. 8 But if we have food and clothing, we will be content with that.(6:6-8). +++24 Danger of greed (6:9-10). +++ "9- People who want to get rich fall into temptation and a trap and into many foolish and harmful desires that plunge men into ruin and destruction. 10-- For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eager for money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves with many griefs." (6:9-10). +++25 Charge of godliness (6:1-16). +++ "11+ But you, man of God, flee from all this, and pursue righteousness, godliness, faith, love, endurance and gentleness. 12++ Fight the good fight of the faith. Take hold of the eternal life to which you were called when you made your good confession in the presence of many witnesses." +++26 Advice for the rich (6:7-9). +++ "17 Command those who are rich in this present world not to be arrogant nor to put their hope in wealth, which is so uncertain, but to put their hope in God, who richly provides us with everything for our enjoyment. 18 Command them to do good, to be rich in good deeds, and to be generous and willing to share. 19 In this way they will lay up treasure for themselves as a firm foundation for the coming age, so that they may take hold of the life that is truly life." (6:17-19). +++27 Advice for Timothy: + "20 Timothy, guard what has been entrusted to your care. Turn away from godless chatter and the opposing ideas of what is falsely called knowledge, 21 which some have professed and in so doing have wandered from the faith. Grace be with you." (6:20-21).
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(<<) 55 - 2 TIMOTHY
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 66 and 67.
Title: From Paul's second recorded letter to his associate: Timothy.
Background:
During Paul's first missionary journey John Mark leaves, but Timothy is his able replacement. Through the years Paul and Timothy become like father and son as they co-labor to bring the gospel to the world. But now Paul is alone in a cold, hard Roman prison, and only Luke is with him. As Paul awaits his execution, he uses this occasion to write what is probably his last recorded letter. Paul, longing for Christian fellowship, is anxious for Timothy to come see him at Rome before winter sets in.
Where Written: Probably from a Roman prison.
To Whom: To Timothy.
Content:
In spite of Paul's dismal circumstances, his primary concern is for Timothy and his ministry since Paul is certain that when his own death comes, God will have an eternal home waiting for him in heaven. Paul admonishes Timothy to never be ashamed of the Gospel, but to persevere in faith and obedience. He then instructs that in the last days there will be a devastating turn away from God as men glorify sin, and that those who harm the ministry of Christ should be avoided. The Word of God is presented as the power and inspiration of God to complete and equip the believer for service. Paul concludes by asking Timothy to come see him soon.
Key Words:
"Endure"; "Teach." Even as Paul has remained strong while in prison, he encourages Timothy to "endure" his trials as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. Timothy is admonished to flee youthful lusts and to follow faith and righteousness. Then he can "teach" the things of God to reliable men who will be qualified to "teach" others (2:2).
+ 2 Timothy 2:15 + Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly handles the Word of truth.
+ 2 Timothy 3:16-17 (Holy Scripture) +++ "16 All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, 17 that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work."
Themes:
+1 The Spirit God gives His children is not one of timidity .. it is one of power, love and self-discipline (1:7). +2 Persecution is a certainty for those committed to living for Jesus. +3 "All Scripture is God-breathed..." (3:16). +4 Christians should avoid disputes and quarrels. +5 Though all may forsake us, God will always remain true.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1:1-1:2
2. Encouragement to be faithful. 1:3-2:26
3. Apostasy in the last days. 3:1-3:17
4. Charge to preach the Word. 4:1-4:5
5. Approach of Paul's death. 4:6-4:18
6. Paul's final greetings. 4:19-4:22
2 TIMOTHY (Summary):
++6 To be bold for Christ (1:1-18). +++ "2 To Timothy, my dear son: Grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord. 3 I thank God, whom I serve, as my forefathers did, with a clear conscience, as night and day I constantly remember you in my prayers." (1:2-3). +++7 Remind of family's faith: + "5 I have been reminded of your sincere faith, which first lived in your grandmother Lois and in your mother Eunice and, I am persuaded, now lives in you also. 6 For this reason I remind you to fan into flame (revive, renew) the gift of God, which is in you through the laying on of my hands." +++8 "For God did not give us a spirit of timidity, but a spirit of power, of love and of self-discipline." (1:7). +++9 God's grace for salvation: + "9 For God has saved us and called us to a holy life - not because of anything we have done but because of His own purpose and grace. This grace was given us in Christ Jesus before the beginning of time, 10 but it has now been revealed through the appearing of our Savior, Christ Jesus, who has destroyed death and has brought life and immortality to light through the Gospel." (1:9-10) +++10 Paul and the Gospel: + "And of this Gospel I was appointed a herald and an apostle and a teacher." (1:11). +++ "13+ Hold on the pattern of sound teaching which you have heard from me, in faith and love which are in Christ Jesus. 14++ Guard the good deposit that was entrusted to you - guard it with the help of the Holy Spirit who lives in us." (1:13-14). +++11 Serving Christ is illustrated by a soldier, an athlete and a farmer (2:1-13). +++ "1 You then, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus. 3++ Endure hardship with us like a good soldier of Christ Jesus." (2:1-3). +++ "5 And in the case of an athlete, no one is crowned without competing according to the rules. 6 It is the farmer who does the work who ought to have the first share of the crops. 7 Reflect on what I am saying, for the Lord will give you insight into all this." (2:5-7). +++12 Follow Jesus faithfully: + "11+ Here is a trustworthy saying: If we died with Him, we will also live with Him; 12+- if we endure, we will also reign with Him. If we disown Him, He will also disown us; 13-+ if we are faithless, He will remain faithful, for He cannot disown Himself." (2:11-12). +++13 Know the Word of God and avoid godless arguments (2:14-26): ++ "14- Keep reminding them of these things. Warn them before God against quarreling about words; it is of no value, and only ruins those who listen. 15++ Do your best to present yourself to God as one approved, a workman who does not need to be ashamed and who correctly Handles the Word of Truth. 16- Avoid godless chatter, because those who indulge in it will become more and more ungodly." (2:14-16). +++14 + "19 Nevertheless, God's solid foundation stands firm, sealed with this inscription: "The Lord knows those who are His" (John.10; 1Cor.8:3: "But the man who loves God is known by God."), and, "Everyone who confesses the name of the Lord must turn away from wickedness." (2:19). +++15 "Flee the evil desires of youth, and pursue righteousness, faith, love and peace, along with those who call on the Lord out of a pure heart." (2:22). +++16 Beware of devil's traps; Avoid of godless disputes (2:23-26): + "23- But avoid foolish and ignorant disputes, knowing that they generate strife (breed quarrels). 24- And a servant of the Lord must not quarrel but be gentle to all, able to teach, patient. 25- In humility (gentle) correcting those who are in opposition, in the hope that God will grant them repentance leading them to a knowledge of the truth, 26 and that they will come to their senses and escape from the trap of the devil, who has taken them captive to do his will." (2:23-26). +++17 Rampant of sin in the last days (3:1-9): ++ "1- But mark his: There will be terrible times in the last days. 2-- People will be lovers of themselves, lovers of money, boastful, proud, abusive, disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, unholy, 3-- without love, unforgiving, slanderous, without self-control, brutal, not lovers of the good, 4-- treacherous (betrayal), rash, conceited, lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God - 5-- having a form of godliness but denying its power. Have nothing to do with them." (3:1-5). +++18 Paul's faith, sufferings, and teaching on Scripture (3:10-17): ++ "12++ In fact, everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted, 13-- while evil men and impostors will go from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived." (3:12-13). +++19 Study the Bible leads to salvation (3:14-15): + "14 But as for you, continue in what you have learned and have become convinced of, because you know those from whom you learned it, 15 and how from infancy you have known the holy Scriptures, which are able to make you wise for salvation through faith in Christ Jesus." (3:14-15) +++20 The Bible is inspired of God (3:16-17): +++ "16++ All Scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness, 17++ that the man of God may be complete, thoroughly equipped for every good work." (3:16-17). +++21 Charge to preach the Word of God (4:1-5): ++ "1+ In the presence of God and of Christ Jesus, who will judge the living and the dead, and in view of His appearing and His kingdom, I give you this charge: 2++ Preach the Word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage - with great patience and careful instruction." (4:1-2). +++22 Beware of the time of false doctrine: ++ "3-- For the time will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. 4-- They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths. 5++ But you, keep your head in all situations, endure hardship, do the work of an evangelist, discharge all the duties of your ministry." (4:3-5). +++ Paul's end time are near: +++ "I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith. (4:7).
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(<<) 56 - TITUS
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Whitten: Between A.D. 63 and 65.
Title: Refers to the addressee of this letter: Titus.
Background:
Titus is a Greek Gentile convert from Antioch who ministers for a number of years alongside Paul, taking on several notable assignments. One of these is at the Corinthian church where he gives guidance to prepare the people in their offering for the Jerusalem saints. He also accompanies Paul and Barnabas to the Jerusalem council. One of Paul's own converts, Titus is not circumcised since it would be assumed a concession to legalism. Paul leaves the young but mature Titus on the Mediterranean island of Crete (which is 152 miles long and up to 35 miles wide) to organize the believers into churches. His mission there is complicated by false teachings, immaturity and immorality.
Where Written: Uncertain (possibly from Greece or Macedonia).
To Whom: To Titus.
Content:
Paul's request in this letter is that Titus appoint qualified elders in every city to guide the believers of Crete. Special exhortations are given to the young and the old of both sexes to live righteously as they hope in the return of Jesus Christ. Believers are encouraged in good works, but admonished to remember that their justification is a product of God's grace and mercy. False teachers are rebuked by Paul as he emphasizes how sound doctrine should be the focus of every believer. Paul uses this letter to give Titus the spiritual wisdom he needs to effectively lead the church.
Key Words:
"Pure"; "Heir." Christians are exhorted not only to live "pure" lives, but to have "pure" motives as well. Every believer is justified before God to be an eternal "heir" to all that God has made available.
+ Titus 1:5
For this reason I left you in Crete, that you should set in order the things that are lacking, and appoint elders in every town as I commanded you.
Themes:
+1 Good works are not to bring us salvation, but to reflect our salvation. +2 Christians should not speak evil of anyone. +3 Believers should say "No" to worldly passions (2:12). +4 We should never let our speech be such that we could be condemned or bring disgrace to the ways of the Lord.
Outline:
1. Introduction. 1:1-1:4
2. Appoint church elders. 1:5-1:9
3. Rebuke false teachers. 1:10-1:16
4. Teach sound doctrine. 2:1-2:15
5. Live obedient and upright lives. 3:1-3:11
6. Concluding instructions. 3:12-3:15
TITUS (Summary):
++5 Apostle Paul (1:1-3): "1 Paul, a servant of God and an apostle of Jesus Christ for the faith of God's elect and the knowledge of the truth that leads to godliness - 2 a faith and knowledge resting on the hope of eternal life, which God, who does not lie, promised before the beginning of time, 3 and at His appointed season He brought His word to light through the preaching entrusted to me by the command of God our Savior." (1:1-3). +++6 Charge to appoint qualified elders in every town (1:5-9). +++7 Rebuke false teachers (1:10-16). +++8 Proper conduct defined for various groups in the church (2:1-10). +++ "You must teach what is in accord with sound doctrine." (2:1). +++9 Exhort to teach of redemption through Jesus Christ (2:11-15): + "11 For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men. 12 It teaches us to say "No" to ungodliness and worldly passions, and to live self-controlled, upright and godly lives in this present age, 13 while we wait for the blessed hope - the glorious appearing of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ, 14 who gave Himself for us to redeem us from all wickedness and to purify for Himself a people that are His very own, eager to do what is good. 15 These, then, are the things you should teach. Encourage and rebuke with all authority. Do not let anyone despise you." (2:11-15). +++10 Justified by Grace (3:1-8): ++ "1 Remind the people to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready to do whatever is good, 2 to slander no one, to be peaceable and considerate, and to show true humility toward all men." (3:1-2). +++11 New Life in Christ (3:3-7): +++ "3- At one time we too were foolish, disobedient, deceived and enslaved by all kinds of passions and pleasures. We lived in malice and envy, being hated and hating one another. 4+ But when the kindness and love of God our Savior appeared, 5++ He saved us, not because of righteous things we had done, but because of His mercy. He saved us through the washing of rebirth and renewal by the Holy Spirit, 6+ whom He poured out on us generously through Jesus Christ our Savior, 7++ so that, having been justified by His grace, we might become heirs having the hope of eternal life." (3:3-7). +++ "8 This is a trustworthy saying. And I want you to stress these things, so that those who have trusted in God may be careful to devote themselves to doing what is good. These things are excellent and profitable for everyone." (3:8). +++12 Avoiding foolish controversies (3:9-11): +++ "9 But avoid foolish controversies and genealogies and arguments and quarrels about the law, because these are unprofitable and useless. 10 Warn a divisive person once, and then warn him a second time. After that, have nothing to do with him. 11 You may be sure that such a man is warped and sinful; he is self-condemned." (3:9-11). +++ "Everyone with me sends you greetings. Greet those who love us in the faith. Grace be with you all." (3:15).
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(<<) 57 - PHILEMON
Author: Paul the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 60 and 61.
Title: Refers to the addressee of this letter: Philemon.
Background:
Philemon is a well-to-do Christian from Colosse who owns slaves. One of these slaves, Onesimus, steals some of his master's property and runs away to Rome. While in Rome, Onesimus becomes a believer after hearing the gospel from Paul. (Paul had also been instrumental in leading Philemon to saving faith in Christ.) Paul enjoys having Onesimus with him, but he knows the right thing to do is to send Onesimus home to his lawful owner, Philemon. Paul sends Onesimus home with this letter, accompanied by Tychicus, to petition Philemon to restore Onesimus's freedom. The book of Philemon, along with Philippians, Colossians and Ephesians, is one of Paul's "Prison Epistles."
Where Written: Rome, while Paul is under house arrest.
To Whom: To Philemon. Also to Apphia and Archippus (probably Philemon's wife and son), and to the church at Colosse, which meets at Philemon's home.
Content:
The shortest of Paul's letters, the book of Philemon is a striking analogy to the redemption story of the Gospel. Paul pleads with Philemon to forgive Onesimus and to restore him beyond his original position as a slave. Now he can be a Christian brother, useful to all members of the church. Philemon is reminded of his debt to Paul, but Paul still offers to repay for any loss of Philemon's. Tradition reveals that Philemon uses this opportunity to free Onesimus.
Key Words:
"Slave"; "Useful." Paul is spiritually a prisoner of Jesus Christ and physically in the bondage of a Roman prison, so he understands Onesimus's debt as a "slave" to Philemon. Paul plays upon the word "useful" (verse 11), which is the meaning of Onesimus and which, indeed, all Christians are.
+ Philemon 1:15-16
15 Perhaps the reason he was separated from you for a little while was that you might have him back for good -- 16 no longer as a slave, but better than a slave, as a dear brother. He is very dear to me but even dearer to you, both as a man and as a brother in the Lord.
Themes:
+1 All sins against people are also sins against God. +2 The laws of the land are for both Christians and non-Christians alike. +3 A right relationship with Jesus Christ will break down social and economic barriers. +4 Reconciliation requires action from both the wrong and the wronged. +5 Christ will forgive our sins and give us a fresh beginning.
Outline:
1. Greeting. 1-3
2. Thanksgiving and prayer for Philemon. 4-7
3. Paul's plea for Onesimus. 8-21
4. Farewell. 22-25
PHILEMON (Summary):
+++6 Greeting: + "Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." (1:3). +++7 Commend for Christian's love (1:4-7): ++ "4 I always thank my God as I remember you in my prayers, 5 because I hear about your faith in the Lord Jesus and your love for all the saints. 6 I pray that you may be active in sharing your faith, so that you will have a full understanding of every good thing we have in Christ. 7 Your love has given me great joy and encouragement, because you, brother, have refreshed the hearts of the saints." (1:4-7). +++8 Paul pleads for Onesimus to be forgiven (1:8-16). +++9 Paul gives Philemon his guarantee (1:17-22). +++10 Blessing: + "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit." (1:25).
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(<<) 58 - HEBREWS
Author: Uncertain. (Suggestions include: Apollos, Barnabas, Clement, Luke, Paul, Philip, Priscilla or Silas.)
Date Written: Between A.D. 64 and 70.
Title: Refers to the addressee of this letter: a congregation of Hebrew believers probably located in Rome.
Background:
Persecution is a real threat to the church at Rome. This persecution causes many believers, who have died to their legalistic, to take some steps backward. The author uses this occasion to express the freedom that Christ has given to all believers, and asserts that with Christ there is no need for any of the rituals offered by the legalistic laws. Appealing to their knowledge of the Old Testament, the author especially comments on parallels from the Pentateuch (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy).
Where Written: Uncertain (possibly Rome).
To Whom: To Christians (the Jewish Christians)
Content:
The writer of Hebrews exhorts (the Hebrew) Christians to maturity by showing them that present suffering for Christ is followed by eternal glory with Him that no other religion can offer. The entire Old Testament pointed to the ministry of Christ, for the offerings, feasts, tabernacles and priests were all used to show the better way of Jesus. Faith is defined and encouragement is given to all believers by detailing the faith of such men and women as Abel, Enoch, Noah, Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph and Moses (chapter 11). The author of Hebrews reveals that the new, eternal covenant has replaced a temporal one, and its price has been paid-in-full by the blood of Christ.
Key Words:
"Sacrifice"; "Better." The "sacrifice" of Christ is presented as being superior to anything offered by the legalistic system: Christ is "better" than the angels, since He is worshiped by them; He is "better" than Moses, since He created him; He is "better" than Aaron's priesthood, since His atonement is eternal; and He is "better" than the law, since He mediates a superior covenant.
+ Hebrews 1:3 + The Son is the radiance of God's glory and the exact representation of His being, sustaining all things by His powerful word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty in heaven.
+ Hebrews 11:1,6 + 1 Now Faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see. + 6 And without Faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to Him must believe that He exists and that He rewards those who earnestly seek Him.
+ Hebrews 12:2 + Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter of our Faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God.
+ Hebrews 13:8 + Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.
Themes:
+1 Christianity is more than a religion ... it is a relationship with Jesus Christ. +2 To be victorious, we must run the race with our eyes on Jesus. +3 We can give our temptations to Jesus ... He has already faced all of them and won the victory. +4 God desires His children to give strength of testimony to each other. +5 Only the blood of Christ can cleanse us of our sins.
Outline:
1. Jesus Christ's superiority over the prophets and angels. 1:1-2:18
2. Jesus Christ's superiority over Moses. 3:1-4:13
3. Jesus Christ, the superior priest. 4:14-7:28
4. Jesus Christ's superior covenant and sacrifice. 8:1-10:18
5. Obedience through faith. 10:19-12:29
6. Concluding instructions. 13:1-13:25
HEBREWS (Summary):
+++6 God's Son is superior to the angels (1:1-14). +++ "1+ In the past God spoke to our forefathers through the prophets at many times and in various ways, 2 but in these last days He has spoken to us by His Son, whom He appointed heir of all things, and through whom He made the universe [John.1]. 3+ The Son is the radiance of God's glory and the exact representation of His being, sustaining all things by His powerful word. After He had provided purification for sins, He sat down at the right hand of the Majesty in heaven." (1:1-3). +++7 God's Son is superior to the angels (1:4-14) ++ "So He became as much superior to the angels as the name He has inherited is superior to theirs." (1:4). +++ "Are not all angels ministering spirits, sent to serve those who will inherit salvation?" (1:14). +++8 No escape for those ignoring the Lord's salvation (2:1-18). +++ "1+ We must pay more careful attention, therefore, to what we have heard, so that we do not drift away. 2+ For if the message spoken by angels was binding, and every violation and disobedience received its just punishment, 3+ how shall we escape if we ignore such a great salvation? This salvation, which was first announced by the Lord, was confirmed to us by those who heard Him. 4+ God also testified to it by signs, wonders and various miracles, and gifts of the Holy Spirit distributed according to His will." (2:1-4). +++9 Jesus' death brought salvation (2:5-18). +++ "14+ Since the children have flesh and blood, He too shared in their humanity so that by His death He might destroy him who holds the power of death - that is, the devil - 15+ and free those who all their lives were held in slavery by their fear of death." (2:14-15). +++ "18+ Because He Himself suffered when He was tempted, He is able to help those who are being tempted." (2:18). +++10 Jesus is greater than Moses (3:1-6). +++ "3 Jesus has been found worthy of greater honor than Moses, just as the builder of a house has greater honor than the house itself. 4 For every house is built by someone, but God is the builder of everything." (3:3-4). +++11 The call of the Holy Spirit should be obeyed today (3:7-19). +++ "12 See to it, brothers, that none of you has a sinful, unbelieving heart that turns away from the living God. 13 But encourage one another daily, as long as it is called Today, so that none of you may be hardened by sin's deceitfulness. 14 We have come to share in Christ if we hold firmly till the end the confidence we had at first. 15 As has just been said: "Today, if you hear His voice, do not harden your hearts as you did in the rebellion." {Ps.95:7-8}" (3:12-15). +++12 Christ's rest is promised to all who believe (4:1-11). +++ "1 Therefore, since the promise of entering His rest still stands, let us be careful that none of you be found to have fallen short of it. 2++ For we also have had the Gospel (Good News) preached to us, just as they did; but the message they heard was of no value to them, + because those who heard did not combine it with Faith." (4:1-2). +++ "9 So then, a sabbath rest still remains for the people of God; 10 for those who enter God’s rest also cease from their labors as God did from His. 11+ Let us, therefore, make every effort to enter that rest, so that no one will fall by following their example of disobedience." (4:9-11). +++13 The Word of God (4:12-13): ++ "12+ For the Word of God is living and active. Sharper than any double-edged sword, it penetrates even to dividing soul and spirit, joints and marrow; it judges the thoughts and attitudes of the heart. 13+ Nothing in all creation is hidden from God's sight. Everything is uncovered and laid bare before the eyes of Him to whom we must give account." (4:12-13). +++14 Mercy is found at the throne of God through Jesus (4:14-16). +++ "14 Therefore, since we have a Great High Priest who has gone through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess. 15 For we do not have a high priest who is unable to sympathize with our weaknesses, but we have One who has been tempted in every way, just as we are - yet was without sin. 16+ Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need." (4:14-16). +++15 Jesus submitted to God for our salvation (4:7-10). +++ "7 During the days of Jesus' life on earth, He offered up prayers and petitions with loud cries and tears to the one who could save Him from death, and He was heard because of His reverent submission. 8 Although He was a Son, He learned obedience from what He suffered 9+ and, once made perfect, He became the source of eternal salvation for all who obey Him 10 and was designated by God to be High Priest in the order of Melchizedek {Ps.110:4}." (5:7-10). +++16 Mature Christian need solid food not milk (5:11-14). +++17 Maturity in Christ is stressed (6:1-12). +++ "1 Therefore let us go on toward perfection (maturity), leaving behind the basic teaching about Christ, and not laying again the foundation: repentance from dead works and faith toward God, 2 instruction about baptisms, laying on of hands, resurrection of the dead, and eternal judgment. 3 And we will do this, if God permits." (6:1-3). +++18 Warning of Falling away (6:4-12). ++ "4-- For it is impossible to restore again to repentance those who have once been enlightened, and have tasted the heavenly gift, and have shared in the Holy Spirit, 5 and have tasted the goodness of the word of God and the powers of the age to come, 6 and then have fallen away, since on their own they are crucifying again the Son of God and are holding Him up to contempt (open shame)." (6:4-6). ++ "10+ God is not unjust; He will not forget your work and the love you have shown Him as you have helped His people and continue to help them. 11+ We want each of you to show this same diligence to the very end, in order to make your hope sure." (6:10-11). +++19 God's promise of salvation is assured (6:13-20). +++ "19+ We have this hope as an anchor for the soul, firm and secure. It enters the inner sanctuary behind the curtain, 20+ where Jesus, who went before us, has entered on our behalf. He has become a High Priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek {Ps.110:4}." (6:19-20). +++20 Priesthood of Melchizedek (king of righteousness, the king of Salem: Ge.14). (7:1-10). +++21 Superiority of Jesus' priesthood (7:11-28). +++ "18+ The former regulation (commandment) is set aside because it was weak and ineffectual (unprofitable). 19+ For the law made nothing perfect, and a better hope is introduced, by which we draw near to God. 20 And it was not without an oath! Others became priests without any oath, 21 but He became a Priest with an oath when God said to Him: "The Lord has sworn and will not change His mind: 'You are a Priest forever.'" {Ps.110:4} 22+ Because of this oath, Jesus has become the guarantee of a better covenant." +++22 Jesus is our High Priest forever (7:23-28): +++ "23- Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; 24+ but because Jesus lives forever, He has a permanent priesthood. 25+ Therefore He is able to save completely (forever) those who come to God through Him, because He always lives to intercede for them." (7:23-26). +++ "26+ Such a High Priest meets our need - One who is holy, blameless, pure, set apart from sinners, exalted above the heavens. 27+ Unlike the other high priests, He does not need to offer sacrifices day after day, first for His own sins, and then for the sins of the people. He sacrificed for their sins once for all when He offered Himself. 28-+ For the law appoints as high priests men who are weak; but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever." (7:26-28). +++23 Jesus' Priesthood presents a New and Better Covenant (8:1-13): +++ "6+ But Jesus has now obtained a more excellent ministry, and to that degree He is the Mediator of a better covenant, which has been enacted through better promises. 7+ For if that first covenant had been faultless, there would have been no need to look for a second one." (8:6-7). +++ "13+ In speaking of "a New Covenant," He has made the first one obsolete. And what is obsolete and growing old will soon disappear." (8:13). +++24 Sacrifice in the earthly tabernacle (9:1-10): ++ "7- But only the high priest entered the inner room, and that only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance. 8- The Holy Spirit was showing by this that the way into the Most Holy Place had not yet been disclosed as long as the first tabernacle was still standing. 9- This is an illustration for the present time, indicating that the gifts and sacrifices being offered were not able to clear the conscience of the worshiper. 10- They are only a matter of food and drink and various ceremonial washings - external regulations applying until the time of the new order." (9:7-10). +++25 The New Covenant and the sacrifice of Christ's blood (9:11-28): +++ "11 When Christ came as High Priest of the good things that are already here, He went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not man-made, that is to say, not a part of this creation. 12 He did not enter by means of the blood of goats and calves; but He entered the Most Holy Place once for all by His own blood, having obtained eternal redemption." (9:11-12). +++ "13- The blood of goats and bulls and the ashes of a heifer sprinkled on those who are ceremonially unclean sanctify them so that they are outwardly clean. 14+ How much more, then, will the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered Himself unblemished to God, cleanse our consciences from acts that lead to death, so that we may serve the living God!" (9:13-14). +++26 Christ is the Mediator: + "15+ For this reason Christ is the Mediator of a New Covenant, that those who are called may receive the promised eternal inheritance - now that He has died as a ransom to set them free from the sins committed under the first covenant." (9:15). +++ "For Christ did not enter a sanctuary made by human hands, a mere copy of the true one, but He entered into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God on our behalf." (9:15). +++27 The sacrifice of Christ brings salvation: +++ "27 Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, 28 so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the sins of many people; and He will appear a second time, not to bear sin, but to bring salvation to those who are waiting for Him." (9:27-28). +++28 Christ's perfect sacrifice, one for all (10:1-18). +++ "1- Since the law has only a shadow of the good things to come and not the true form of these realities, it can never, by the same sacrifices that are continually offered year after year, make perfect those who approach. 2- If it could, would they not have stopped being offered? For the worshipers would have been cleansed once for all, and would no longer have felt guilty for their sins. 3- But those sacrifices are an annual reminder of sins, 4- because it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sins." (10:1-4). +++29 Perseverance in faithful obedience (10:19-39): +++30 Confidence in Jesus' sacrifice: ++ "19+ Therefore, brothers, since we have confidence to enter the Most Holy Place by the blood of Jesus, 20+ by a new and living way opened for us through the curtain, that is, His body, 21+ and since we have a Great Priest over the house of God, 22+ let us draw near to God with a sincere heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled to cleanse us from a guilty conscience and having our bodies washed with pure water." (10:19-22). +++31 Let be faithful: ++ "23++ Let us hold unswervingly to the hope we profess, for He who promised is faithful. 24+ And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds. 25+ Let us not give up meeting together, as some are in the habit of doing, but let us encourage one another - and all the more as you see the Day approaching." (10:23-25). +++32 Warning of deliberately continue sinning: +++ "26- If we deliberately keep on sinning after we have received the knowledge of the truth, no sacrifice for sins is left (will cover these sins), 27- but only a fearful expectation of judgment and of raging fire that will consume the enemies of God." (10:26-27). +++ "30- For we know Him who said, "It is mine to avenge; I will repay," {Deut.32:35} and again, "The Lord will judge His people." {Deut.32:36; Ps.135:14} 31- It is a dreadful thing to fall into the hands of the living God." (10:30-31). +++33 Confidence in Christ: +++ "35+ So do not throw away your confidence; it will be richly rewarded. 36+ You need to persevere so that when you have done the will of God, you will receive what He has promised." (10:35-36). +++ "38+ my righteous ones will live by faith. But if anyone draws back, My soul has no pleasure in him {Hab.2:3-4}." 39-+ But we are not of those who draw back to perdition, but of those who believe to the saving of the soul." (10:38-39). +++34 FAITH is defined and illustrated through the lives of Old Testament heroes (11:1-40). +++ "1+ Now faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see." (11:1). +++ "6+ And without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to Him must believe that He exists and that He rewards those who earnestly seek Him." (11:6). +++35 Promise for Living by Faith: ++ "13+ All these people were still living by faith when they died. They did not receive the things promised; they only saw them and welcomed them from a distance. And they admitted that they were aliens and strangers on earth. 14 People who say such things show that they are looking for a country of their own. 15 If they had been thinking of the country they had left, they would have had opportunity to return. 16++ Instead, they were longing for a better country - a heavenly one. Therefore God is not ashamed to be called their God, for He has prepared a city for them." (11:13-16). +++ "39+ These were all commended for their faith, yet none of them received what had been promised. 40++ God had planned something better for us so that only together with us would they be made perfect." (11:39-40). +++36 Fix our eyes on Jesus: +++ "2++ Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the Author and Perfecter (finisher) of our faith, who for the joy set before Him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God." (12:2). +++37 God loving discipline (12:1-12): ++ "5+ And you have forgotten that word of encouragement that addresses you as children: "My child, do not make light of the Lord's discipline, and do not lose heart when He rebukes you, 6+ because the Lord disciplines those He loves, and He punishes everyone He accepts as a child." {Prov.3:11-12}. (12:5-6). +++ "9 Moreover, we have all had human fathers who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we submit to the Father of our spirits and live! 10 Our fathers disciplined us for a little while as they thought best; but God disciplines us for our good, that we may share in His holiness. 11 No discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it." (12:9-11). +++38 Living in peace: ++ "14+ Make every effort to live in peace with all men and to be holy; without holiness no one will see the Lord. 15- See to it that no one misses the grace of God and that no bitter root grows up to cause trouble and defile many." (12:14-15). +++39 Confidence worship God: +++ "28+ Therefore, since we are receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken, let us give thanks, by which we offer to God an acceptable worship with reverence and awe" (12:28). +++40 Intructions on hospitality, marriage and sacrificial giving (13:1-18): +++ "1+ Keep on loving each other as brothers (and sisters). 2+ Do not forget to entertain strangers, for by so doing some people have entertained angels without knowing it. 3+ Remember those in prison as if you were their fellow prisoners, and those who are mistreated as if you yourselves were suffering. 4+- Marriage should be honored by all, and the marriage bed kept pure, for God will judge the adulterer and all the sexually immoral. 5- Keep your lives free from the love of money and be content with what you have, because God has said, "Never will I leave you; never will I forsake you." {Deut.31:6}." (13:1-5). +++41 "Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever." (13:8). +++42 "15+ Through Jesus, therefore, let us continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise - the fruit of lips that confess His name. 16+ And do not forget to do good and to share with others, for with such sacrifices God is pleased." (13:15-16). +++43 "Pray for us. We are sure that we have a clear conscience and desire to live honorably in every way." (13:18). +++44 "20+ May the God of peace, who through the blood of the eternal covenant brought back from the dead our Lord Jesus, that great Shepherd of the sheep, 21+ equip you with everything good for doing His will, and may He work in us what is pleasing to Him, through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever. Amen." (13:20-21).
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(<<) 59 - JAMES
Author: James (the son of Mary and Joseph, and the half-brother of Jesus).
Date Written: Between A.D. 45 and 49.
Background:
James does not become a believer until after the resurrection of the Lord Jesus. He later becomes the leader of the church in Jerusalem, presides at the Jerusalem council, and is among those awaiting the Holy Spirit on the day of Pentecost. These teachings of James can be likened to the book of Proverbs and to the teachings of Jesus, especially to his Sermon on the Mount. The emphasis of James's letter is to stress the importance of good deeds in the life of every believer.
Where Written: Possibly Jerusalem.
To Whom: To all Christians.
Content:
To merely say we have faith is insufficient. James stresses that we must have faith that manifests itself in the action of good deeds. His letter covers a wide range of sins: pride, prejudice, hypocrisy, worldliness, the untamed tongue and apathy. This practical treatise gives the scattered Christians a strong understanding of their union in Christ. Their trials, desires, relationships, prayers, compassion, patience and faith are all shown to have a place in their worship of God and in their ministry to others. The letter closes with a dramatic account of the faith of Elijah.
Key Words:
"Patience"; "Pure Religion." James emphasizes "patience" as a godly virtue each believer needs in order to become perfect and complete in Christ. "Pure religion" is living righteously before God and as an example before the world. This includes a proper relationship with orphans, widows and others.
+ James 1:19-22 + 19 My dear brothers, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, 20 for man’s anger does not bring about the righteous life that God desires. 21 Therefore, get rid of all moral filth and the evil that is so prevalent and humbly accept the Word planted in you, which can save you. 22 Do not merely listen to the Word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says.
+ James 2:18 + Now someone may argue, Some people have faith; others have good deeds. I say, I can’t see your faith if you don’t have good deeds, but I will show you my faith through my good deeds.
+ James 4:7-8 + 7 Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you. 8 Draw near to God, and He will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners, and purify your hearts, you double-minded.
Themes:
+1 We are saved by faith alone, but saving faith never stands alone ... it reveals itself through obedience and fruit of the believer. +2 We cannot be saved by any number of good deeds. +3 Faith without good deeds is not real faith. +4 We must be doers of the Word, not just hearers. +5 Our human strength is unable to tame the tongue ... but through God's strength it can be done. +6 There is no place for discrimination or greed in the life of a committed believer.
Outline:
1. Introduction. 1:1
2. Concerning trials and temptations. 1:2 -1:18
3. Characteristics of true faith. 1:19-2:26
4. Stumbling blocks. 3:1-5:6
5. Faith that triumphs. 5:7-5:20
JAMES (Summary):
+++7 Trials bring maturity (1:2-11). +++ "2 Consider it pure joy, my brothers, whenever you face trials of many kinds, 3 because you know that the testing of your faith develops perseverance (endurance). 4 Perseverance must finish its work so that you may be mature and complete, not lacking anything. 5+ If any of you lacks wisdom, he should ask God, who gives generously to all without finding fault, and it will be given to him. 6- But when he asks, he must believe and not doubt, because he who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. 7- That man should not suppose he will receive anything from the Lord." (1:2-7). +++8 Temptation are not from God (1:12-18). +++ " Blessed is the man who perseveres under trial, because when he has stood the test, he will receive the crown of life that God has promised to those who love Him." (1:12). +++ "13- When tempted, no one should say, "God is tempting me." For God cannot be tempted by evil, nor does He tempt anyone; 14- but each one is tempted when, by his own evil desire, he is dragged away and enticed. 15 Then, after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death." (1:13-15). +++9 Good gift from God: + "16 Don't be deceived, my dear brothers. 17+ Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change like shifting shadows. 18+ He chose to give us birth through the Word of truth, that we might be a kind of firstfruits of all he created." (1:16-18). +++10 Believers must obey God's Word (1:19-27). +++11 Anger: + "19+ My dear brothers, take note of this: Everyone should be quick to listen, slow to speak and slow to become angry, 20+ for man's anger does not bring about the righteous life that God desires." (1:19-20). +++12 "Therefore, get rid of all moral filth and the evil that is so prevalent and humbly accept the Word planted in you, which can save you." (1:21). +++14 "22 Do not merely listen to the Word, and so deceive yourselves. Do what it says." (1:22). +++ "25 But the man who looks intently into + the perfect law that gives freedom, and continues to do this, not forgetting what he has heard, but doing it - he will be blessed in what he does." (1:25). +++15 Religious person should control the tongue: + "26 If anyone among you thinks he is religious, and does not bridle his tongue but deceives his own heart, this one's religion is useless. 27 Pure and undefiled (faultless) religion before God and the Father is this: to visit orphans and widows in their trouble, and to keep oneself from being polluted (corrupted) by the world." (1:26-27). +++16 Favoritism should not be shown (2:1-13). +++ "My brothers, as believers in our glorious Lord Jesus Christ, don't show favoritism." (2:1). +++ "Listen, my dear brothers: Has not God chosen those who are poor in the eyes of the world to be rich in faith and to inherit the kingdom He promised those who love Him?" (2:5). +++ "8+ If you really keep the royal law found in Scripture, "Love your neighbor as yourself," {Lev.19:18} you are doing right. 9- But if you show favoritism, you sin and are convicted by the law as lawbreakers. 10- For whoever keeps the whole law and yet stumbles at just one point is guilty of breaking all of it." (2:8-10). +++17 Mercy: + "12- Speak and act as those who are going to be judged by the law that gives freedom, 13- because judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment!" (2:12-13). +++18 Faith and Deeds: + "14- What good is it, my brothers, if a man claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save him?" (2:14). +++ "17- In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. 18- But someone will say, "You have faith; I have deeds." Show me your faith without deeds, and I will show you my faith by what I do. 19- You believe that there is one God. Good! Even the demons believe that - and shudder." (2:17-19). +++ "21 Was not our ancestor Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the altar? 22 You see that his faith and his actions were working together, and his faith was made complete by what he did. 23 And the scripture was fulfilled that says, "Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness," {Gen.15:6} and he was called God's friend." (2:21-23). +++ "24 You see that a person is justified by what he does and not by faith alone." (2:24). +++ "26 As the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is dead." (2:26). +++19 Important of controlling the tongue (3:1-12). +++ "1 Not many of you should presume to be teachers, my brothers, because you know that we who teach will be judged more strictly." (3:1). +++ "2 We all stumble in many ways. If anyone is never at fault in what he says, he is a perfect man, able to keep his whole body in check." (3:2). +++20 The Tongue (3:3-12): + "3- When we put bits into the mouths of horses to make them obey us, we can turn the whole animal. 4 Or take ships as an example. Although they are so large and are driven by strong winds, they are steered by a very small rudder wherever the pilot wants to go. 5- Likewise the tongue is a small part of the body, but it makes great boasts. Consider what a great forest is set on fire by a small spark. 6- The tongue also is a fire, a world of wickednes among the parts of the body. It corrupts the whole person, sets the whole course of his life on fire, and is itself set on fire by hell." (3:3-6). +++ "9+- With the tongue we praise our Lord and Father, and with it we curse men, who have been made in God's likeness. 10+- Out of the same mouth come praise and cursing. My brothers, this should not be." (3:9-10). +++21 Earthly wisdom versus heavenly wisdom (3:13-17): +++ "13 Who is wise and understanding among you? Show by your good life that your works are done with gentleness born of wisdom. 14 But if you have bitter envy and selfish ambition in your hearts, do not be boastful and false (deny) to the truth. 15 Such wisdom does not come down from above, but is earthly, unspiritual, devilish. 16 For where there is envy and selfish ambition, there will also be disorder and wickedness of every kind. 17+ But the wisdom from above is first pure, then peaceable (peace-loving), gentle, willing to yield, full of mercy and good fruits, (sincere) without partiality or hypocrisy." (3:13-17). +++22 submit to God (4:1-12). +++ "3- When you ask, you do not receive, because you ask with wrong motives, that you may spend what you get on your pleasures." (4:3). +++ "5 Or do you think Scripture says without reason that the Spirit He caused to live in us envies intensely? 6 But He gives us more grace. That is why Scripture says: "God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble." {Prov.3:34} (4:5). +++23 + "7+ Therefore submit to God. Resist the devil and he will flee from you. 8+ Draw near to God and He will draw near to you. Cleanse your hands, you sinners; and purify your hearts, you double-minded." (4:7-8). +++ "10 Humble yourselves before the Lord, and He will lift you up." (4:10). +++24 Boasting about tomorrow (4:13-17): +++ "13- Now listen, you who say, "Today or tomorrow we will go to this or that city, spend a year there, carry on business and make money." 14- Why, you do not even know what will happen tomorrow. What is your life? You are a mist that appears for a little while and then vanishes. 15+ Instead, you ought to say, "If it is the Lord's will, we will live and do this or that." 16- As it is, you boast and brag. All such boasting is evil. 17+- Anyone, then, who knows the right (good) thing to do and fails to do it, commits sin." (4:13-17). +++24 Warning to rich oppressors (5:1-6). +++25 Patience until the Lord returns (5:7-12). +++ "7 Be patient, therefore, beloved, until the coming of the Lord. The farmer waits for the precious crop from the earth, being patient with it until it receives the early and the late rains. 8 You also must be patient. Strengthen your hearts, for the coming of the Lord is near." (5:7-8). +++26 Healing Power of Prayer (5:13-17): + "13+ Is any one of you in trouble? He should pray. Is anyone happy? Let him sing songs of praise. 14+ Is any one of you sick? He should call the elders of the church to pray over him and anoint him with oil in the name of the Lord. 15+ And the prayer offered in faith will make the sick person well; the Lord will raise him up. If he has sinned, he will be forgiven. 16+ Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. + The prayer of a righteous man is powerful and effective." (5:13-16). +++ "17 Elijah was a man just like us. He prayed earnestly that it would not rain, and it did not rain on the land for three and a half years. 18 Again he prayed, and the heavens gave rain, and the earth produced its crops." {1Ki.17} (5:17-28). +++27 Turning a sinner from the error of his way (5:19-20). ++ "19+ My brothers, if one of you should wander from the truth and someone should bring him back, 20+ remember this: Whoever turns a sinner from the error of his way will save him from death and cover over a multitude of sins." (5:19-20).
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(<<) 60 - 1 PETER
Author: Peter the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 63
Background:
Though persecution has been an undesirable fixture of the church since the time of Christ, the evil reign of Nero in Rome is destined to make matters even worse. This letter is the apostle Peter's attempt to prepare, comfort and urge the believers in Asia Minor to remain strong despite their suffering.
Where Written: Rome (symbolically referred to as Babylon).
To Whom: To the scattered Christians in Asia Minor.
Content:
To many this time of persecution is one of despair, but Peter reveals that this is actually a time to rejoice. He encourages the believers to count it a privilege to suffer for the sake of Christ, for even as their Savior was persecuted, so will all followers of Christ be persecuted as they identify with Him. This letter from Peter makes reference to his sermons from the book of Acts and also to his personal experiences with Jesus. To further identify with Christ, all believers are called to holiness, purity and brotherly love. The Christian's wealth in Christ enables him to live with the mind of Christ in all of life's associations. Peter concludes his practical advice by confirming Satan as the great enemy of every Christian (5:8). But the assurance of Christ's future return gives the incentive of hope.
Key Words:
"Suffering"; "Glory"; "Rejoice." The trials and "suffering" which believers face because of their commitment to Jesus Christ will bring them spiritual "glory." For this reason Christians have occasion to "rejoice" even when Satan and the world aim to hurt them.
+ 1 Peter 1:7
These have come so that your faith -- of greater worth than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire -- may be proved genuine and may result in praise, glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed.
Themes:
+1 The assurance of eternal life is given to all Christians. +2 "The word of the Lord stands forever" (1:25). +3 God desires for us to cast all our cares upon Him. +4 One way to identify with Christ is to share in His suffering. +5 Suffering for righteous living brings glory... suffering for sinful living brings shame. +6 Satan hates us and seeks our defeat. +7 Happiness comes to those who are obedient and submissive to Christ.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1:1-1:2
2. Praises to God. 1:3 -1:12
3. Exhortation to holiness. 1:13-2:12
4. Submission of the believer. 2:13 -3:7
5. Suffering of the believer. 3:8 -5:11
6. Final greetings. 5:12 -5:14
1 PETER (Summary):
+++8 Greeting: + "1+ Peter, an apostle of Jesus Christ, To God's elect, strangers in the world (pilgrims), scattered throughout Pontus, Galatia, Cappadocia, Asia and Bithynia, 2+ who have been chosen and destined by God the Father and sanctified by the Spirit to be obedient to Jesus Christ and to be sprinkled with his blood: May grace and peace be yours in abundance." (1:1-2). +++9 An inheritance kept in heaven (1:3-12). +++ "3+ Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In His great mercy He has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, 4+ and into an inheritance that can never perish, spoil or fade - kept in heaven for you, 5+ who through faith are shielded by God's power until the coming of the salvation that is ready to be revealed in the last time." (1:3-5). ++10 Faith in trials: + "6+ In this you greatly rejoice, though now for a little while you may have had to suffer grief in all kinds of trials. 7+ These have come so that your faith - of greater worth than gold, which perishes even though refined by fire - may be proved genuine and may result in praise, glory and honor when Jesus Christ is revealed." (1:6-7). +++10 Faith and Love for Jesus: + "8+ Though you have not seen Him, you love Him; and even though you do not see Him now, you believe in Him and are filled with an inexpressible and glorious joy, 9+ for you are receiving the goal of your faith, the salvation of your souls." (1:8-9). +++11 Salvation through Jesus: + "10 Concerning this salvation, the prophets, who prophesied of the grace that was to come to you, searched intently and with the greatest care, 11 trying to find out the time and circumstances to which the Spirit of Christ in them was pointing when He predicted the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow. 12 It was revealed to them that they were not serving themselves but you, when they spoke of the things that have now been told you by those who have preached the gospel to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven. Even angels long to look into these things." (1:10-12). +++12 Holiness commanded (1:13-25). + "13+ Therefore, prepare your minds for action; be self-controlled (discipline); set your hope fully on the grace to be given you when Jesus Christ is revealed. 14- As obedient children, do not conform to the sinful desires you had when you lived in ignorance. 15+ But just as He who called you is holy, so be holy in all you do; 16+ for it is written: "Be holy, because I am holy." {Lev.19:2}. (1:13-16). +++13 Live by Faith: + "17 Since you call on a Father who judges each man's work impartially, live your lives as strangers here in reverent fear. 18 For you know that it was not with perishable things such as silver or gold that you were redeemed from the empty way of life handed down to you from your forefathers, 19 but with the precious blood of Christ, a lamb without blemish or defect. 20 He was chosen before the creation of the world, but was revealed in these last times for your sake." (1:17-20). +++14 Sincere Love through Christ: + "21 Through Him you believe in God, who raised Him from the dead and glorified Him, and so your faith and hope are in God. 22 Now that you have purified yourselves by obeying the truth so that you have sincere love for your brothers, love one another deeply, from the heart." (1:21-22). +++15 The Word of God stands forever: + "23+ For you have been born again, not of perishable seed, but of imperishable, through the living and enduring Word of God. 24 For, "All men are like grass, and all their glory is like the flowers of the field; the grass withers and the flowers fall, 25+ but the Word of the Lord stands forever." {Isa.40:7-8}. And this is the Word that was preached to you." (1:23-25). +++16 The Lord is good: + "1- Therefore, rid yourselves of all malice and all deceit, hypocrisy, envy, and slander of every kind. 2+ Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk, so that by it you may grow up in your salvation, 3+ now that you have tasted that the Lord is good." (2:1-3). +++17 Believers are like living stones (2:4-10). + "4 As you come to Him, the living Stone - rejected by men but chosen by God and precious to Him - 5 you also, like living stones, are being built into a spiritual house to be a holy priesthood, offering spiritual sacrifices acceptable to God through Jesus Christ." (2:4-5). +++18 God's chosen people: + "9 But you are a chosen people, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people belonging to God, that you may declare the praises of him who called you out of darkness into his wonderful light. 10 Once you were not a people, but now you are the people of God; once you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy." (2:9-10). +++19 Live a good life that glorify God (2:11-25): + "11 Dear friends, I urge you, as aliens and strangers in the world, to abstain from sinful desires, which war against your soul. 12 Live such good lives among the pagans that, though they accuse you of doing wrong, they may see your good deeds and glorify God on the day He visits us." (2:11-12). + "15 For it is God's will that by doing good you should silence the ignorant talk of foolish men." (2:15). +++20 Freedom to do God's will: + "16 Live as free men, but do not use your freedom as a cover - up for evil; live as servants of God. 17 Show proper respect to everyone: Love the brotherhood of believers, fear God, honor the king." (2:16-17). +++21 Christ is our example: + "21 To this you were called, because Christ suffered for you, leaving you an example, that you should follow in His steps. 22 "He committed no sin, and no deceit was found in His mouth." 23 When they hurled their insults at Him, He did not retaliate; when He suffered, He made no threats. Instead, He entrusted Himself to Him who judges justly. 24 He Himself bore our sins in His body on the tree, so that we might die to sins and live for righteousness; by His wounds you have been healed." (2:21-24). +++ "25 For you were like sheep going astray, but now you have returned to the Shepherd and Overseer of your souls." (2:25). +++22 Godly relationship in marriage (3:1-7). +++23 Willing to sacrifice for doing good (3:8-22). + "8+ Finally, all of you, live in harmony with one another; be sympathetic, love as brothers, be compassionate and humble. 9+ Do not repay evil with evil or insult with insult, but with blessing, because to this you were called so that you may inherit a blessing. 10+- For, "Whoever would love life and see good days must keep his tongue from evil and his lips from deceitful speech. 11+ He must turn from evil and do good; he must seek peace and pursue it. 12+ For the eyes of the Lord are on the righteous and His ears are attentive to their prayer, but the face of the Lord is against those who do evil." (3:8-12). +++24 + "13 Who is going to harm you if you are eager to do good? 14+ But even if you should suffer for what is right, you are blessed. "Do not fear what they fear; do not be frightened." 15+ But in your hearts set apart (sanctify) Christ as Lord. Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect, 16+ keeping a clear conscience, so that those who speak maliciously against your good behavior in Christ may be ashamed of their slander." (3:13-16). +++ "17 It is better, if it is God's will, to suffer for doing good than for doing evil." (3:17). +++ "18 For Christ died for sins once for all, the righteous for the unrighteous, to bring you to God. He was put to death in the body but made alive by the Spirit, 19 through whom also He went and preached to the spirits in prison." (3:18-19). +++25 Baptism: + "21 And this water (Noah) symbolizes baptism that now saves you also - not the removal of dirt from the body but the pledge of a good conscience toward God. It saves you by the resurrection of Jesus Christ, 22 who has gone into heaven and is at God's right hand - with angels, authorities and powers in submission to Him." (3:21-22). +++26 Exhortation to Pray, Love and Serve (4:1-11). + "1 Since therefore Christ suffered in the flesh, arm yourselves also with the same intention (for whoever has suffered in the flesh has finished with sin), 2 so as to live for the rest of your earthly life no longer by human desires but by the will of God." (4:1-2). +++ "7+ But the end of all things is at hand; therefore be serious and watchful in your prayers. 8+ Above all, love each other deeply, because love covers over a multitude of sins." (4:7-8). +++27 Christian's services: + "9 Be hospitable to one another without complaining. 10 Like good stewards of the manifold grace of God, serve one another with whatever gift each of you has received. 11 Whoever speaks must do so as one speaking the very words of God; whoever serves must do so with the strength that God supplies, so that God may be glorified in all things through Jesus Christ. To Him belong the glory and the power forever and ever. Amen." (4:9-11). +++28 Participation in Christ's suffering (4:12-19). + "14 If you are insulted because of the name of Christ, you are blessed, for the Spirit of glory and of God rests on you." (4:14). +++ "16 However, if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God that you bear that name." (4:16). +++ "17- For the time has come for judgment to begin with the family of God; if it begins with us, what will be the end for those who do not obey the Gospel of God? 18- And "If it is hard for the righteous to be saved, what will become of the ungodly and the sinners?" 19+ So then, those who suffer according to God's will should commit themselves to their faithful Creator and continue to do good." (4:17-19). +++29 Instructions for elders to shepherd God's flock (5:1-7). +++ "2+ Be shepherds of God's flock that is under your care, serving as overseers - not because you must, but because you are willing, as God wants you to be; not for dishonest gain but eagerly; 3+ not lording it over those entrusted to you, but being examples to the flock. 4+ And when the Chief Shepherd appears, you will receive the crown of glory that will never fade away." (5:2-4). ++ "5 In the same way, you who are younger must accept the authority of the elders. And all of you must clothe yourselves with humility in your dealings with one another, for "God opposes the proud, but gives grace to the humble." {Prov.3:34}. (5:5). ++ "6 Humble yourselves, therefore, under God's mighty hand, that He may lift you up in due time. (5:6). "+7+ Cast all your anxiety on Him because He cares for you." (5:7). +++30 The devil, your enemy: + "8- Be self-controlled and alert. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour. 9- Resist him, standing firm in the faith, because you know that your brothers throughout the world are undergoing the same kind of sufferings." (5:8-9).
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(<<) 61 - 2 PETER
Author: Peter the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 64 and 66.
Background:
This second letter of Peter is written not long before his death. Whereas his first letter to the believers combated persecution from the outside, this time Peter is addressing the second major threat -- false teaching from the inside. Such false teaching has greatly contributed to the apostasy of the Christians in Asia Minor to whom Peter is writing. The mission of Peter's words is to expose these false teachers and to encourage the believers to mature in the truth of God. Tradition has it that Peter was crucified upside down in the city of Rome.
Where Written: Probably Rome.
To Whom: To all Christians.
Content:
This letter from Peter encourages believers to grow in Christ, which is made possible by a proper knowledge of the gospel. God's Word gives the promises necessary for obedience and can be totally relied upon as revealing all truth and prophecy. Peter discusses in detail the danger and destructiveness of the evil Ministry of false teachers, whose interests are not in God, but in self-glorification and worldly lusts. But God's righteousness shall prevail when, at the day of the Lord, the old earth will be laid bare and a new heaven and a new earth will replace it (chapter 3).
Key Words:
"Knowledge"; "Last Days." Peter's method of refuting the false "knowledge" being propagated is to remind the believers of the true "knowledge," which is based on a personal experience with Christ. This growth in the grace of God is aided by a better understanding of the "last days," when the ungodly will receive their judgment.
+ 2 Peter 1:3
His divine power has given us everything we need for life and godliness through our knowledge of Him who called us by His own glory and goodness.
Themes:
+1 Deceit comes in many forms, but Truth comes in one form (the form of God). +2 God has delayed His judgment so that more may come to repentence (3:9). +3 Destruction comes to those who scoff at the Word of God. +4 Maturity in God will come as we develop an intense and personal relationship with God's Son, God's Spirit and God's Word. +5 Righteousness shall prevail over wickedness in the end.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1:1-1:2
2. Growth and knowledge in Christ. 1:3 -1:21
3. False teachers and their condemnation . 2:1-2:22
4. The day of the Lord. 3:1-3:18
2 PETER (Summary):
+++6 Greeting: + "1 Simon Peter, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, To those who through the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ have received a faith as precious as ours: 2 Grace and peace be yours in abundance through the knowledge of God and of Jesus our Lord." (1:1-2). +++7 Making one's calling and election sure (1:3-11). +++ "3+ His divine power has given us everything we need for life and godliness through our knowledge of Him who called us by His own glory and goodness. 4+ Through these He has given us His very great and precious promises, so that through them you may participate in the divine nature and escape the corruption in the world caused by sinful desires." (1:3-4). +++8 Qualities of Faith: + "5 For this very reason, make every effort to add to your Faith goodness; and to goodness, knowledge; 6 and to knowledge, self-control; and to self-control, perseverance; and to perseverance, godliness; 7 and to godliness, brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness, love. 8+ For if you possess these qualities in increasing measure, they will keep you from being ineffective and unproductive in your knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ." (1:5-8). --- "9- If these qualities aren't present in your life, you're shortsighted and have forgotten that you were cleansed from your past sins." (1:9). +++9 Be sure of your calling: + "10+ Therefore, my brothers, be all the more eager to make your calling and election sure. For if you do these things, you will never fall, 11+ and you will receive a rich welcome into the eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ." (1:10-11). +++10 Prophecy of Scripture (1:12-20). +++ Eyewitnesses of His majesty: + "16 We did not follow cleverly invented stories when we told you about the power and coming of our Lord Jesus Christ, but we were eyewitnesses of His majesty. 17 For He received honor and glory from God the Father when the voice came to Him from the Majestic Glory, saying, "This is My Son, whom I love; with Him I am well pleased. (Mt.3:17;17:5)" 18+ We ourselves heard this voice that came from heaven when we were with Him on the sacred mountain. 19 And we have the word of the prophets made more certain, and you will do well to pay attention to it, as to a light shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts." (1:16-19). +++11 Prophesy of Scripture: + "20+ Above all, you must understand that no prophecy of Scripture came about by the prophet's own interpretation. 21+ For prophecy never had its origin in the will of man, but men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit." +++12 False teachers and their destruction (2). + "1- But there were also false prophets among the people, just as there will be false teachers among you. They will secretly introduce destructive heresies, even denying the sovereign Lord who bought them - bringing swift destruction on themselves. 2- Many will follow their shameful (destructive) ways and will bring the way of truth into disrepute. 3- In their greed these teachers will exploit you with stories they have made up. Their condemnation has long been hanging over them, and their destruction is not asleep." (2:1-3). +++13 God will judge the unrighteous (2:4-22). --- False freedom: - "19- They promise them freedom, but they themselves are slaves of corruption; for people are slaves to whatever masters them." (2:19)." +++14 The Day of the Lord (3): +++ "2 I want you to recall the words spoken in the past by the holy prophets and the command given by our Lord and Savior through your apostles." (3:2). --- "3- First of all, you must understand that in the last days scoffers will come, scoffing and following their own sinful desires 4- and saying, "Where is the promise of His coming? For since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of creation." (3:3-4). +++15 God is patient for our salvation: + "8+ But do not forget this one thing, dear friends: With the Lord a day is like a thousand years, and a thousand years are like a day. 9+ The Lord is not slow in keeping His promise, as some understand slowness. He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish, but everyone to come to repentance." (3:8-9). +++16 Warning of the Day of Lord: -- "10- But the Day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar; the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare. 11- Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind of people ought you to be? You ought to live holy and godly lives 12+- as you look forward to the Day of God and speed its coming. That Day will bring about the destruction of the heavens by fire, and the elements will melt in the heat." (3:10-12). +++17 Encourage of righteousness: + "13+ But in keeping with His promise we are looking forward to a New heaven and a New earth, the Home of righteousness. 14+ So then, dear friends, since you are looking forward to this, make every effort to be found spotless, blameless and at peace with Him. 15+ Bear in mind that our Lord's patience means salvation, just as our dear brother Paul also wrote you with the wisdom that God gave him." (3:13-15). +++ "17+ You therefore, beloved, since you are forewarned, beware that you are not carried away with the error of the lawless and lose your own stability (secure position). 18+ But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. To Him be the glory both now and to the day of eternity. Amen." (3:17-18).
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(<<) 62 - 1 JOHN
Author: John the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 85 and 96.
Background:
In addition to the 3 letters bearing his name, John is also the author of the fourth Gospel and the book of Revelation. This letter of John is written to Christian congregations founded in truth and faith, but receiving serious challenges from false teachers. The particular error being propagated is a philosophy of religion called Gnosticism. It is built on the premise that all matter is totally evil, spirit is totally good, and that man will progress spiritually as he increases in this knowledge. This leads to further false teachings about Christ, stating that He could not have been born in the flesh since all flesh is evil. The Gnostic theories are that Jesus Christ is either a ghost that only seems to have a human body, or that He has a dual personality, sometimes divine and sometimes human. John's mission here is to combat these errors.
[ Note: Gnosticism: -- Dualistic religious and philosophical movement of the late Hellenistic and early Christian eras (2nd Century A.D), several posed a serious threat to Christianity; much of early Christian doctrine was formulated in reaction to this danger. Gnosticism taught that the spirit was held captive by evil archons but that through the use of secret formulas it could be freed at death and restored to the heavenly abode. The difficulty in dealing with Gnosticism is that it was not a homogeneous system of either religion or philosophy, but embraced many widely diversified sects holding opinions drawn from a great variety of sources. ]
Where Written: Probably Ephesus.
To Whom: To all Christians.
Content:
This message of John is a warning to the believers not to be deceived by the false doctrines being spread. He addresses them as his "dear children" and "dear friends" marking his closeness to them. The union between the Father and the Son is boldly proclaimed, for only as one comes to know Jesus Christ can he know the Father. John urges the believers to find full joy in God and in the knowledge of His forgiveness and grace. John's practical instructions include admonitions for the believer to walk in the light of righteousness, to live a spiritual life marked by a spiritual birth and to show brotherly love for others. The Christians are encouraged not to love the things of this world, to beware of antichrists and to test the spirits to see whether they are from God or Satan. John concludes his letter of happiness and hope for the believers by reassuring them of the power of prayer and their protection in God from the evil one.
Key Words:
"Fellowship"; "Love." The emphasis of 1 John is to stress that in order for a believer to have a proper "fellowship" with God, he must walk in obedience and truth. Proper "fellowship" with others is manifested by having "love" for one another. This "love" for others is made possible by the fact that Christ first loved us enough to lay down His life.
+ 1 John 4:7-10 + 7 Dear friends, let us love one another, for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. 8 Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love. 9 This is how God showed His love among us: He sent His One and Only Son into the world that we might live through Him. 10 This is love: not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins.
+ 1 John 5:13 + I write these things to you who believe in the name of the Son of God so that you may know that you have eternal life.
Themes:
+1 God is life ... God is light... God is love. +2 A believer's birthmark is righteousness. +3 True love will manifest itself in actions, not just in words. +4 Perfect love drives out all fears (4:18). +5 The love God has for us is totally unconditional. +6 Only the blood of Christ can cleanse us of all our sins.
Outline:
1. Walking in the light. 1:1-2:14
2. Hindrances to fellowship. 2:15-2:27
3. Abiding in Christ's love. 2:28-5:5
4. Victory and assurance through faith. 5:6-5:21
1 JOHN (Summary):
+++7 Fellowship with God (1:1-4): + "3 We proclaim to you what we have seen and heard, so that you also may have fellowship with us. And our fellowship is with the Father and with His Son, Jesus Christ. 4 We write this to make our joy complete." (1:3-4). +++8 God is Light without darkness (1:5-7): + "5 This is the message we have heard from Him and declare to you: God is light; in Him there is no darkness at all. 6 If we claim to have fellowship with Him yet walk in the darkness, we lie and do not live by the truth. 7+ But if we walk in the light, as He is in the light, we have fellowship with one another, and the blood of Jesus, His Son, purifies us from all sin." (1:5-7). +++9 Confession brings forgiveness and purification (1:8-10). + "8+ If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us. 9+ If we confess our sins, He who is faithful and just will forgive us our sins and cleanse us from all unrighteousness. 10+ If we say that we have not sinned, we make Him a liar, and His word is not in us." (1:8-10). +++10 Christians show themselves by love and obedience (2:1-14). +++ Jesus is our Advocator: + "1-+ My dear children, I write this to you so that you will not sin. + But if anybody does sin, we have One who speaks to the Father in our defense - Jesus Christ, the Righteous One. 2+ He is the atoning sacrifice for our sins, and not only for ours but also for the sins of the whole world.." (2:1-2). +++11 True Christian obeys God: + "3 Now by this we know that we know Him, if we keep His commandments. 4 He who says, "I know Him," and does not keep His commandments, is a liar, and the truth is not in him. 5+ But whoever keeps His word, truly the love of God is perfected in him. By this we know that we are in Him: 6+ Whoever claims to live in Him must walk as Jesus did." (2:3-6). +++12 Do not love the world: + "15- Do not love the world or anything in the world. If anyone loves the world, the love of the Father is not in him. 16 For all that is in the world - the desire of the flesh, the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life - comes not from the Father but from the world. 17-+ The world and its desires pass away, + but the man who does the will of God lives forever." (2:15-17). +++13 Warning Against AntiChrist (2:18-27). --- "18- Dear children, this is the last hour; and as you have heard that the antichrist is coming, even now many antichrists have come. This is how we know it is the last hour. 19- They went out from us, but they did not belong to us; for if they had belonged to us, they would have remained with us. But by going out they made it plain that none of them belongs to us." (2:18-19). --- "22- Who is the liar? It is the man who denies that Jesus is the Christ. Such a man is the antichrist - he denies the Father and the Son. 23 No one who denies the Son has the Father; whoever acknowledges the Son has the Father also." (2:22-24). --- "26- I write these things to you concerning those who would deceive you." (2:26). +++14 Christians have been anointed to know the truth: + "20+ But you have been anointed by the Holy One, and all of you know the truth. 21 I do not write to you because you do not know the truth, but because you do know it and because no lie comes from the truth." (2:20-21). +++ "24+ See that what you have heard from the beginning remains in you. If it does, you also will remain in the Son and in the Father. 25+ And this is what He promised us - even eternal life." (2:24-25). +++ "27+ As for you, the anointing that you received from Him abides in you, and so you do not need anyone to teach you. But as His anointing teaches you about all things, and is true and is not a lie, and just as it has taught you, abide in Him." (2:27). +++ "28 And now, dear children, continue in Him, so that when He appears we may be confident and unashamed before Him at His coming. 29 If you know that He is righteous, you know that everyone who does what is right has been born of Him." (2:28-29). +++15 Children of God (3:1-10). +++ "1+ How great is the love the Father has lavished on us, that we should be called children of God! And that is what we are! The reason the world does not know us is that it did not know Him." (3:1). +++ "2+ Dear friends, now we are children of God, and what we will be has not yet been made known. But we know that when He appears, we shall be like Him, for we shall see Him as He is. 3+ Everyone who has this hope in Him purifies himself, just as He is pure." (3:2-3). +++16 Do not keep on sinning: -- "4- Everyone who sins breaks the law; in fact, sin is lawlessness. 5- But you know that He appeared so that He might take away our sins. And in Him is no sin. 6- No one who lives in Him keeps on sinning. No one who continues to sin has either seen Him or known Him." (3:4-6). --- "9 No one who is born of God will continue to sin, because God's seed remains in him; he cannot go on sinning, because he has been born of God." (3:9). +++17 Love one another (3:11-24). +++ "11+ This is the message you heard from the beginning: We should love one another." (3:11). +++ "16+ This is how we know what love is: Jesus Christ laid down His life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers. 17 If anyone has material possessions and sees his brother in need but has no pity on him, how can the love of God be in him? 18+ Dear children, let us not love with words or tongue but with actions and in truth." (3:16-18). +++18 Belong to the truth: + "19+ This then is how we know that we belong to the truth, and how we set our hearts at rest in His presence 20+ whenever our hearts condemn us. For God is greater than our hearts, and He knows everything. 21+ Dear friends, if our hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence before God 22+ and receive from Him anything we ask, because we obey His commands and do what pleases Him." (3:19-22). +++19 Command to love one another: + "23+ And this is His command: to believe in the name of His Son, Jesus Christ, and to love one another as He commanded us. 24+ Those who obey His commands live in Him, and He in them. And this is how we know that He lives in us: We know it by the Spirit He gave us." (3:23-24). +++20 Test of Spirits (4:1-6). -- "1- Dear friends, do not believe every spirit, but test the spirits to see whether they are from God, because many false prophets have gone out into the world. 2+ This is how you can recognize the Spirit of God: Every spirit that acknowledges that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is from God, 3- but every spirit that does not acknowledge Jesus is not from God. This is the spirit of the antichrist, which you have heard is coming and even now is already in the world." (4:1-3). +-+- "4+- You, dear children, are from God and have overcome them, because the One who is in you is greater than the one who is in the world. 5- They are from the world and therefore speak from the viewpoint of the world, and the world listens to them. 6+ We are from God, and whoever knows God listens to us; but whoever is not from God does not listen to us. This is how we recognize the Spirit of truth and the spirit of falsehood." (4:4-6). +++21 God's Love and ours (4:7-21): +++ "7+ Dear friends, let us love one another, for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God. 8+ Whoever does not love does not know God, because God is love." (4:7-8). ++ "9+ This is how God showed His love among us: He sent His one and only Son into the world that we might live through Him. 10 This is love: not that we loved God, but that He loved us and sent His Son as an atoning sacrifice for our sins." (4:9-10). ++ "11+ Dear friends, since God so loved us, we also ought to love one another. 12+ No one has ever seen God; but if we love one another, God lives in us and His love is made complete in us. 13+ We know that we live in Him and He in us, because He has given us of His Spirit." (4:11-13). ++ "14+ And we have seen and testify that the Father has sent His Son to be the Savior of the world." (4:14). +++ "15+ If anyone acknowledges that Jesus is the Son of God, God lives in him and he in God. 16+ And so we know and rely on the love God has for us. God is love. Whoever lives in love lives in God, and God in him." (4:15-16). ++ "17 In this way, love is made complete among us so that we will have confidence on the day of judgment, because in this world we are like Him." (4:17). ++ "18+ There is no fear in love. But perfect love drives out fear, because fear has to do with punishment. The one who fears is not made perfect in love." (4:18). ++ "19+ We love because he first loved us." (4:19). +++22 Loving God requires obedience (5:1-5). +++ "1+ Everyone who believes that Jesus is the Christ is born of God, and everyone who loves the Father loves his child as well. 2+ This is how we know that we love the children of God: by loving God and carrying out His commands." (5:1-2). ++ "3+ This is love for God: to obey His commands. And His commands are not burdensome," (5:3). ++ "4 for everyone born of God overcomes the world. This is the victory that has overcome the world, our faith. 5 Who is it that overcomes the world? Only the one who believes that Jesus is the Son of God." (5:4-5). +++23 Three testify that Jesus is the Son of God (5:6-12). ++ "6 This is the One who came by water and blood - Jesus Christ. He did not come by water only, but by water and blood. And it is the Spirit who testifies, because the Spirit is the truth." (5:6). ++ "7 For there are three that testify: 8 the Spirit, the water and the blood; and the three are in agreement." (5:7-8) + (Note: Water: baptism, purify, born again; Blood: shed on the cross, redemption, salvation). ++ "9+ We accept man's testimony, but God's testimony is greater because it is the testimony of God, which He has given about His Son. 10 Anyone who believes in the Son of God has this testimony in his heart. Anyone who does not believe God has made Him out to be a liar, because he has not believed the testimony God has given about His Son." (5:9-10). +++ "11+ And this is the testimony: God has given us eternal life, and this life is in His Son. 12+- He who has the Son has life; he who does not have the Son of God does not have life." (5:11-12). ++ "13+ I write these things to you who believe in the name of the Son of God so that you may know that you have eternal life." (5:13). +++24 God hears and answers prayer (5:14-17). +++ "14+ This is the confidence we have in approaching God: that if we ask anything according to His will, He hears us. 15+ And if we know that He hears us - whatever we ask - we know that we have what we asked of Him." (5:14-15). +++25 Sin is contrary to the children of God: ++ "18-+ We know that anyone born of God does not continue to sin; the one who was born of God keeps him(self) safe (God's Son holds him securely), and the evil one cannot harm (touch) him." (5:18). -- "19- We know that we are God’s children, and that the whole world lies under the power of the evil one." (5:19). +++ "20 And we know that the Son of God has come and has given us understanding so that we may know Him who is true; and we are in Him who is true, in His Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life." (5:20). --- "21 Dear children, keep yourselves from idols." (5:21).
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(<<) 63 - 2 JOHN
Author: John the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 85 and 96.
Background:
John reveals in his first letter how a number of false teachers have broken from the church. 2 John addresses some of the problems associated with these erroneous teachers, who travel through the area at the expense of both the church's material and spiritual welfare. At the heart of these heresies is a false belief called Gnosticism, which claims a hidden knowledge for its adherents. The Gnostics profess they are a special, spiritual elite, which keeps them from being accountable for right or wrong behavior. This letter is John's effort to combat the ungodly conduct which results and to encourage true believers to withdraw all fellowship from these false teachers. John, "the beloved disciple," probably wrote his 3 letters during the final years of his life.
Where Written: Probably Ephesus.
To Whom: To the chosen lady and her children. (This could either be a Christian woman and her children, or it could refer figuratively to a local church and the believers in it.)
Content:
John continues showing his concern for others by warning of those who do not teach the truth about Jesus Christ. But John does have joy for those walking according to the commands of God. Jesus Christ is indeed the Son of God, and those trusting Him for salvation should live in truth, love and obedience. The relationship believers have with those of the world must be discerning; false teachers should not be encouraged in any way (10, 11). The apostle John concludes this small letter by stating his desire to return for a personal visit with the Christians.
Key Words:
"Truth"; "Walk." The theme of "truth" transcends 2 John. This "truth" advocates love, knowledge and joy for believers who "walk" in these virtues. John uses his apostolic authority to command this "walk" of obedience and to warn believers of false teachers who do not follow Christ's teachings.
+ 2 John 1:6-9
6+ And this is love: that we walk in obedience to His commands. As you have heard from the beginning, His command is that you walk in love. 7+ Many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh; any such person is the deceiver and the antichrist! 8+ Be on your guard, so that you do not lose what we have worked for, but may receive a full reward. 9+ Anyone who runs ahead and does not continue in the teaching of Christ does not have God; whoever continues in the teaching has both the Father and the Son.
Themes:
+1 Antichrists are in the world, and they seek to deceive us. +2 Obedience and love are inseparable. +3 A Christian's support for sinful activities is being a partaker in that evil. +4 Great joy comes to those who help others grow in truth.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1-3
2. Walk in obedient love. 4-6
3. Avoid false teachers. 7-11
4. Concluding remarks. 12,13
2 JOHN (Summary):
+++5 Do not accept any teaching contrary to that of Christ (1): -- "9-+ Anyone who runs ahead and does not continue in the teaching (doctrine) of Christ does not have God; whoever continues in the teaching has both the Father and the Son. 10- If anyone comes to you and does not bring this teaching, do not take him into your house or welcome him (or give any kind of encouragement). 11- Anyone who welcomes him shares in his wicked work." (1:9-11).
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(<<) 64 - 3 JOHN
Author: John the Apostle.
Date Written: Between A.D. 85 and 96.
Background:
3 John, a book of only 14 verses, centers around 3 characters. Gaius is either a pastor or a church leader who consistently walks in the truth; Diotrephes is a disruptive and prideful leading man in the church; and Demetrius is the reputable layman who probably took this letter from John to Gaius. At this time there are a number of traveling missionaries who spread the Gospel from church to church and are supported by church members taking them into their homes. John uses this occasion to encourage such generosity. John was a leader in the church at Ephesus for many years, having moved there from Jerusalem where he cared for Jesus' mother after the crucifixion.
Where Written: Probably Ephesus.
To Whom: To Gaius.
Content:
Having traveled with Jesus, John understands the need for itinerant ministers to be aided in their efforts. John writes this letter to his friend Gaius commending him and encouraging him to continue his support for the evangelists who travel throughout Asia Minor. Gaius is further warned not to be like Diotrephes, who refuses to help the missionaries, undermines the authority of John and even banishes from the church all who desire to give aid to these traveling bearers of truth. In contrast, Demetrius is highly commended as a model church member. John closes this third letter with his hope to visit soon.
Key Words:
"Joy"; "Hospitality." The abundant "joy" which John expresses is for the faithfulness of Gaius and other believers who continue to walk in truth. The "hospitality" which they show to the itinerant preachers and other Christian brothers is a trait which the entire church is commissioned to develop.
+ 3 John 1:5
Dear friend, you are faithful in what you are doing for the brothers, even though they are strangers to you.
Themes:
+1 The family of God should support other members of the family who proclaim the gospel. +2 When we support a ministry, we become a partner of that ministry. +3 A good reputation will follow a conscientious walk with God. +4 Believers should stand firm against hypocrites diluting the mission of the church.
Outline:
1. Salutation. 1
2. Gaius's love and faith commended. 2-8
3. Diotrephes's actions rebuked. 9,10
4. Demetrius's actions praised. 11,12
5. Final greetings. 13,14
3 JOHN (Summary):
+++5 Greeting: + "2 Dear friend, I pray that you may enjoy good health and that all may go well with you, even as your soul is getting along well." (1:2). +++6 Faithfully Walk in the Truth (1:1-8): + "3 It gave me great joy to have some brothers come and tell about your faithfulness to the truth and how you continue to walk in the truth. 4 I have no greater joy than to hear that my children are walking in the truth." (1:3-4). +++7 Commend for supporting God's servants: + "5 Dear friend, you are faithful in what you are doing for the brothers, even though they are strangers to you. 6 They have told the church about your love. You will do well to send them on their way in a manner worthy of God. 7 It was for the sake of the Name that they went out, receiving no help from the pagans. 8 We ought therefore to show hospitality to such men so that we may work together for the truth." (1:5-8). +++8 Compare the good and the bad characters (1:9-12). +- "11 Dear friend, do not imitate what is evil, but what is good. Anyone who does what is good is from God. Anyone who does what is evil has not seen God." (1:11).
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(<<) 65 - JUDE
Author: Jude (the brother of James, and the half-brother of Jesus Christ).
Date Written: Between A.D. 65 and 80.
Background:
Jude writes this letter to combat a false teaching in the church which is a form of Gnosticism. This erroneous doctrine teaches that the sins of the body do not affect the purity of the soul and, thus, opens the door for people to engage in all kinds of immoral and perverted evils. Jude, like his brother James, did not believe that his half-brother Jesus was the Son of God until after the resurrection. This may account for why he refers to himself only as a servant of Jesus Christ.
Where Written: Uncertain (possibly outside of Palestine).
To Whom: To believers in Jesus Christ.
Content:
Jude writes this letter to warn believers that godless men bearing false doctrines about Jesus and the Christian walk are polluting the churches. Jude reminds the people of God's previous judgments against unbelievers, angels' disobedience and Sodom and Gomorrah's corruption. These 3 Old Testament judgments are followed by 3 declarations of woe to godless men who have taken the way of Cain, Balaam and Korah. Jude refers to tradition regarding Enoch's prophecy of the doom of the ungodly and makes reference to the apostles' predictions of evil, divisions and apostasy. But still Jude encourages the faithful to remain strong and true and to show mercy to those who doubt. The power and authority of Jesus Christ is proclaimed with great joy.
Key Words:
"Contend"; "Godless." The mission of this letter from Jude is to urge the believers to "contend" for the faith which has been entrusted to them (verse 3). It painstakingly details the sin and the assured judgment of all "godless" people.
+ Jude 1:3 + Dear friends, although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints.
+ Jude 1:20 + But you, dear friends, build yourselves up in your most Holy Faith and Pray in the Holy Spirit.
Themes:
+1 Christians need to beware of false teachers infiltrating their churches. +2 Godless people can be detected by their beliefs, their acts and their words. +3 Believers should be merciful to unbelievers. +4 Jesus Christ will cleanse all believers and present them without fault to God. +5 The judgment of God on unbelievers is certain.
Outline:
1. Introduction. 1,2
2. Condemnation of false teachers. 3-16
3. A call to persevere. 17-23
4. Doxology of Jude. 24,25
JUDE (Summary):
+++6 Greeting: + "Mercy, peace and love be yours in abundance." (1:2). +++7 Defend the truth of God and warning against ungodly men (1:3-13): ++ "3+ Dear friends, although I was very eager to write to you about the salvation we share, I felt I had to write and urge you to contend for the faith that was once for all entrusted to the saints. 4- For certain men whose condemnation was written about long ago have secretly slipped in among you. They are godless men, who change the grace of our God into a license for immorality and deny Jesus Christ our only Sovereign and Lord." (1:3-4). +++8 Falling angels: - "6- And the angels who did not keep their own position (of authority), but left their proper dwelling, He has kept in eternal chains in deepest darkness for the judgment of the great Day." (1:6). --- Immorality and unrepentant sinners (1:6-16): - "8 In the very same way, these dreamers pollute their own bodies, reject authority and slander celestial beings." (1:8). +++9 Archangel Michael: + "9 But even the archangel Michael, when he was disputing with the devil about the body of Moses, did not dare to bring a slanderous accusation against him, but said, "The Lord rebuke you!" (1:9). +++10 The Lord is coming to judge ungodly men (1:14-16): --- "14- Enoch, the seventh from Adam, prophesied about these men: "See, the Lord is coming with thousands upon thousands of His holy ones 15- to judge everyone, and to convict all the ungodly of all the ungodly acts they have done in the ungodly way, and of all the harsh words ungodly sinners have spoken against Him." 16- These men are grumblers and faultfinders; they follow their own evil desires; they boast about themselves and flatter others for their own advantage." (1:14-16). +++11 Warning of false teachers: -- "17- But, dear friends, remember what the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ foretold. 18- They said to you, "In the last times there will be scoffers who will follow their own ungodly desires." 19- These are the men who divide you, who follow mere natural instincts and do not have the Spirit." (1:17-19). +++12 Pray in the Holy Spirit: + "20+ But you, dear friends, build yourselves up in your most holy faith and pray in the Holy Spirit. 21+ Keep yourselves in God's love as you wait for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ to bring you to eternal life." (1:20-21). +++14 Be Merciful: ++ "22+ Be merciful to those who doubt (wavering); 23+ snatch others from the fire and save them; to others show mercy, mixed with fear - hating even the clothing stained by corrupted flesh." (1:22). +++15 Praise God: + "24+ To Him who is able to keep you from falling and to present you before His glorious presence without fault and with great joy - 25+ to the only God our Savior be glory, majesty, power and authority, through Jesus Christ our Lord, before all ages, now and forevermore! Amen." (1:23-24).
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(<<) 66 - REVELATION
Author: John the Apostle.
Date Witten: Between A.D. 90 and 96.
Title: This book is so named because it is the "revelation" of Jesus Christ as given to the apostle John. It is also called the "Apocalypse," which means "revelation" or "unveiling."
Background:
John is exiled by the Roman government to Patmos, a small island off the coast of Greece, for preaching the Word of God. His exile is only part of an intense period of persecution against the church, which follows the Roman emperor Domitian's proclamation that he should be worshiped as deity. While on Patmos, John receives this revelation about Jesus Christ from God the Father. An angel helps John to understand the vision. Whereas the first book of the Bible -- Genesis -- tells of the beginning of sin and Satan's triumph, the last book of the Bible -- Revelation -- tells of sin's end and Satan's defeat. A special blessing is promised to all who read, hear and obey this Book. But also a special curse is promised to those who add to or take away from these Words. John also wrote the fourth Gospel and the 3 letters which bear his name.
Where Written: On the island of Patmos, in the Aegean Sea.
To Whom: To all Christians, to 7 churches in Asia Minor (modern Turkey).
Content:
Revelation is lavish in colorful descriptions of the visions which proclaim for us the last days before Christ's return and the ushering in of the new heaven and new earth (21:1). The fact that it may at first seem too complex is no reason to avoid this book, for it is a full disclosure of the prophetic events which await every person, whether dead or alive. Revelation makes known what is to come: the series of devastations to be poured out upon the the earth; the mark of the beast, "666" (13:18); the climactic battle of Armageddon (16:16), the binding of Satan (20); the reign of the Lord; the great white throne, the judment's day (20:11-15); and the nature of the eternal city of God (21). Prophecies concerning Jesus Christ are fulfilled, and a concluding call to His lordship assures us that He will soon return (22).
Key Word:
"Revelation"; "Jesus Christ"; "Seven." This book is a thorough "revelation" of the total person of "Jesus Christ": His glory, power and wisdom; His judgment, kingdom and grace; and the Lamb of God from Alpha to Omega. Several numbers have significant symbolism in Revelation, but the number "seven" is dominant throughout with 7 churches, 7 letters, 7 seals, 7 trumpets, 7 signs, 7 plagues, 7 dooms and 7 new things.
+ Revelation 1:3 + God blesses the one who reads this prophecy to the church, and He blesses all who listen to it and obey what it says. For the time is near when these things will happen.
+ Revelation 3:19-22 + 19 I reprove and discipline those whom I love. Be earnest, therefore, and repent. 20+ Listen! I am standing at the door, knocking; if you hear My voice and open the door, I will come in to you and eat with you, and you with Me. 21+ To the one who conquers I will give a place with Me on My throne, just as I Myself conquered and sat down with My Father on His throne. 22+ Let anyone who has an ear listen to what the Spirit is saying to the churches.
Themes:
+1 The end of earthly life is only the beginning of eternal life. +2 True Christians shall spend eternity with God in the new Holy City. +3 Unrepenters and sinners will spend eternity in the lake of fire. +4 God desires that everyone trust in His Son for redemption... today!
Outline:
1. Introduction. 1:1-1:7
2. Christ's revelation of himself to John. 1:8-1:20
3. Letters to the 7 churches. 2:1-3:22
4. The throne in heaven. 4:1-5:14
5. The 7 seals. 6:1-8:5
6. The 7 trumpets. 8:6-11:19
7. The 7 explanatory prophecies. 12:1-14:20
8. The 7 bowls of wrath. 15:1-16:21
9. The overthrow of Babylon. 17:1-19:5
10. Prophecies concerning the second coming of Christ. 19:6-19:21
11. Prophecies concerning the Millennium. 20:1-20:6
12. The rebellion and Satan's final doom. 20:7-20:15
13. The new heaven, new earth and new Jerusalem. 21:1-22:6
14. The coming of the Lord Jesus Christ. 22:7-22:21
REVELATION (Summary):
+++5 Introduction to the revelation given to John (1:1-7). +++ "1 The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave Him to show His servants what must soon take place. He made it known by sending His angel to His servant John, 2 who testifies to everything he saw - that is, the word of God and the testimony of Jesus Christ. 3 Blessed is the one who reads the words of this prophecy, and blessed are those who hear it and take to heart what is written in it, because the time is near." (1:1-3). +++6 From God and Jesus to His churches: ++ "4 John, To the seven churches in the province of Asia: Grace and peace to you from Him who is, and who was, and who is to come, and from the seven spirits before His throne, 5 and from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the Ruler of the kings of the earth. To Him who loves us and has freed us from our sins by His blood, 6 and has made us to be a kingdom and priests to serve His God and Father - to Him be glory and power for ever and ever! Amen." (1:4-6). +++7 He is coming, the Alpha and Omega: + "7 Look, He is coming with the clouds, and every eye will see Him, even those who pierced Him; and all the peoples of the earth will mourn because of Him. So shall it be! Amen. 8 "I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is, and who was, and who is to come, the Almighty." (1:7-8). +++8 Letters to the 7 churches (2-3): ++ "10 On the Lord's Day I was in the Spirit, and I heard behind me a loud voice like a trumpet, 11 which said: "Write on a scroll what you see and send it to the seven churches: to Ephesus, Smyrna, Pergamum, Thyatira, Sardis, Philadelphia and Laodicea." (1:10-11). +++9 The Son of Man spoke to John (1:12-20). +++10 Letter to the church in Ephesis (2:1-7): ++ "1 To the angel of the church in Ephesus write: These are the words of Him who holds the seven stars in His right hand and walks among the seven golden lampstands:" (2:1). ++ "2+ I know your deeds, your hard work and your perseverance. I know that you cannot tolerate wicked men, that you have tested those who claim to be apostles but are not, and have found them false. 3 + You have persevered and have endured hardships for My name, and have not grown weary. 4- Yet I hold this against you: You have forsaken your first love. 5- Remember the height from which you have fallen! Repent and do the things you did at first. If you do not repent, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place. 6+ But you have this in your favor: You hate the practices of the Nicolaitans (a corrupt sect), which I also hate. 7+ He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes, I will give the right to eat from the tree of life, which is in the paradise of God." (2:2-7). +++11 Letter to the church in Smyrna (2:8-11). ++ "8 To the angel of the church in Smyrna write: These are the words of Him who is the First and the Last, who died and came to life again." (2:8). ++ Condemn the pride , Comfort the afflictions, the poverty, and the faithful (2:9-10). ++ "11 He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. He who overcomes will not be hurt at all by the second death." (2:11). +++12 Letter to the church in Pergamum (2:12-17): ++ "12 To the angel of the church in Pergamum write: These are the words of Him who has the sharp, double-edged sword." (2:12). ++ Praise for the faithful and warning the tolerance of the false teachers to repent (2:13-16). ++ "17 He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches. To him who overcomes, I will give some of the hidden manna. I will also give him a white stone with a new name written on it, known only to him who receives it." (2:17). +++13 Letter to the church in Thyatira (2:18-27): ++ "18 To the angel of the church in Thyatira write: These are the words of the Son of God, whose eyes are like flame of fire and whose feet are like burnished bronze." (2:18). ++ "19+ I know your deeds, your love and faith, your service and perseverance, and that you are now doing more than you did at first. 20- Nevertheless, I have this against you: You tolerate that woman Jezebel, who calls herself a prophetess. By her teaching she misleads my servants into sexual immorality and the eating of food sacrificed to idols...." (2:19-20). ++ Warning and judgment for the false prophetess and her followers to repent; Reward for the faithful (2:19-28). ++ "29 He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches." (2:29). +++14 Letter to the church in Sardis (3:1-6). ++ "1+- To the angel of the church in Sardis write: These are the words of Him who holds the seven spirits of God and the seven stars. I know your deeds; you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead. 2 Wake up! Strengthen what remains and is about to die, for I have not found your deeds complete (perfect) in the sight of My God. 3 Remember, therefore, what you have received and heard; obey it, and repent. But if you do not wake up, I will come like a thief, and you will not know at what time I will come to you. 4 Yet you have a few people in Sardis who have not soiled their clothes. They will walk with Me, dressed in white, for they are worthy. 5 He who overcomes will, like them, be dressed in white. I will never blot out his name from the Book of Life, but will acknowledge his name before My Father and His angels. 6+ He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches." (3:1-6). +++15 Letter to the church in Philadelphia (3:7-13). ++ "7 To the angel of the church in Philadelphia write: These are the words of Him who is holy and true, who holds the key of David. What He opens no one can shut, and what He shuts no one can open." (3:7). ++ "8 I know your deeds. See, I have placed before you an open door that no one can shut. I know that you have little strength, yet you have kept My word and have not denied My name." (3:8). + "10+ Since you have kept My command to endure patiently, I will also keep you from the hour of trial that is going to come upon the whole world to test those who live on the earth. 11 I am coming soon. Hold on to what you have, so that no one will take your crown. 12 Him who overcomes I will make a pillar in the temple of My God. Never again will he leave it. I will write on him the name of My God and the name of the city of My God, the New Jerusalem, which is coming down out of heaven from my God; and I will also write on him My new name. 13 He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches." (3:10-13). +++16 Letter to the church in Laodicea (3:14-22). ++ "14 "To the angel of the church in Laodicea write: These are the words of the Amen, the Faithful and True Witness, the Beginning of God's creation (John.1). 15+ I know your deeds, that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were either one or the other! 16 So, because you are lukewarm - neither hot nor cold - I am about to spit you out of My mouth." (3:14-16). ++ Do not depend on gold of the world but spiritual gold of God (3:17-18). ++ "19 Those whom I love I rebuke and discipline. So be earnest, and repent. 20+ Here I am! I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears My voice and opens the door, I will come in and eat with him, and he with Me. 21+ To him who overcomes, I will give the right to sit with Me on my throne, just as I overcame and sat down with my Father on His throne. 22+ He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the churches." (3:19-22). +++17 The Throne of God in Heaven (4): The Throne. The creature with wings: lion, ox, human-face, flying-eagle. The 24 elders. +++18 Only the Lamb is worthy to open the scroll with 7 seals (5). +++19 The Lamb opens the first 6 seals (6): + 1st seal - rider on the white horse - conquer. (6:1-2). + 2nd seal - bright red horse - take away peace. (6:3-4). + 3rd seal - black horse - pair of scales. (6:5-6). + 4th seal - "8 I looked and there was a pale horse! Its rider’s name was Death, and Hades followed with him; they were given authority over a fourth of the earth, to kill with sword (wars), famine, and pestilence (plague, disease), and by the wild animals of the earth." (6:7-8). + 5th seal - "9 When He opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slaughtered for the word of God and for the testimony they had given" (6:9-11). + 6th seal - earthquake, black sun, blood moon, sky vanished, people are frighten and hiden from the day of the wrath of the Lamb. (6:12-17). +++20 God's people and the 12 tribes are sealed on forehead by angels (7:1-8): + 144,000 - 12,000 for each tribe: Judath, Reuben, Gad, Asher, Naphtali, Manasseh, Simeon, Levi, Issachar, Zebulun, Joseph, Benjamin. +++21 Blessing of heaven for the chosen great multitude (7:9-17): ++ "9 After this I looked, and there was a great multitude that no one could count, from every nation, from all tribes and peoples and languages, standing before the throne and before the Lamb, robed in white, with palm branches in their hands. 10 They cried out in a loud voice, saying, "Salvation belongs to our God who is seated on the throne, and to the Lamb!" 11 And all the angels stood around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God, 12 singing, "Amen! Blessing and glory and wisdom and thanksgiving and honor and power and might be to our God forever and ever! Amen." (7:9-12). ++ "13 Then one of the elders addressed me, saying, "Who are these, robed in white, and where have they come from?" 14+ I said to him, "Sir, you are the one that knows." Then he said to me, "These are they who have come out of the great ordeal; they have washed their robes and made them white in the blood of the Lamb. 15+ For this reason they are before the throne of God, and worship Him day and night within His temple, and the One who is seated on the throne will shelter them. 16+ They will hunger no more, and thirst no more; the sun will not strike them, nor any scorching heat; 17+ for the Lamb at the center of the throne will be their Shepherd, and He will guide them to springs of the water of life, and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes." (7:13-17). +++22 The Lamb opens the 7th seal (8:1-5): ++ "1 When He opened the seventh seal, there was silence in heaven for about half an hour. 2 And I saw the seven angels who stand before God, and to them were given seven trumpets. 3 Another angel, who had a golden censer, came and stood at the altar. He was given much incense to offer, with the prayers of all the saints, on the golden altar before the throne." (8:1-3). +++23 The first 6 angels sound their trumpets (8:6-9:21): + 1st trumpet blows: hail and fire mixed with blood, 1/3 of the earth was burned up ... (8:7). + 2nd trumpet blows: great fire throws to the sea, 1/3 of living creatures in the sea died ... (8:8-9). + 3th trumpet blows: great star Wormwood (Bitterness) falls on earth, many died because 1/3 of the water becomes bitter. (8:10-11). + 4th trumpet blows: darkness comes to 1/3 of the sun, the moon, the staurs, the day on earth. (8:12-13). ++ 5th trumpet blows: bottomless pit opens with hot smoke covers the sun and the air. Locusts like soldiers with human face with scorpion stings to sting people (without the seal of God) to torture them for 5 months, but they cannot die, their king is the angel name Destroyer (Abaddon.heb, Apollyon.grk) (9:1-11). ++ 6th trumpet blows: the 4 angels with their army (200 millions): -- "17 The riders wore armor that was fiery red and dark blue and yellow. The horses had heads like lions, and fire and smoke and burning sulfur billowed from their mouths." (9:17). They kill 1/3 of mankind. (9:12-19). +++24 People still not repent: -- "20- But the people who did not die in these plagues still refused to repent of their evil deeds and turn to God. They continued to worship demons and idols made of gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood - idols that can neither see nor hear nor walk! 21- And they did not repent of their murders or their witchcraft or their sexual immorality or their thefts." (9:20-21). +++ 7th trumpet blows: the kingdom of God (11:15-19). +++25 The mighty angel with little scroll (10:1-7): + the angel says: "... 7 When the seventh angel blows his trumpet, God's mysterious plan will be fulfilled. It will happen just as He announced it to His servants the prophets.” (10:7). +++26 John instructd to eat the little scroll and prophesy (10:8-11): + "11 Then I was told, "You must prophesy again about many peoples, nations, languages and kings." (10:11). +++27 Two witnesses of God with power will prophesy for 1260 days (11:1-14): ++ "5 If anyone tries to harm them, fire comes from their mouths and devours their enemies. This is how anyone who wants to harm them must die. 6 These men have power to shut up the sky so that it will not rain during the time they are prophesying; and they have power to turn the waters into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as they want. 7 Now when they have finished their testimony, the beast that comes up from the Abyss will attack them, and overpower and kill them." (11:5-7). + People are happy because the death of the two witnesses who tormented them. + After 3.1/2 days, God breathed life into them, and they stood up, and go to heaven while their enemies watch. (11:8-14). +++28 The 7th angel sounds his trumpet: The Kingdom of God (11:15-19): +++ "15+ The seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven, which said: "The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ, and He will reign for ever and ever." 16+ And the twenty-four elders, who were seated on their thrones before God, fell on their faces and worshiped God, 17+ saying: "We give thanks to You, Lord God Almighty, the One who is and who was, because You have taken Your great power and have begun to reign. 18+ The nations were angry; and your wrath has come. The time has come for judging the dead, and for rewarding your servants the prophets and Your saints and those who reverence Your name, both small and great - and for destroying those who destroy the earth." 19+ Then God's temple in heaven was opened, and within His temple was seen the ark of His covenant. And there came flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake and a great hailstorm." (11:15-19). +++29 The woman, the Child and the dragon (12:1-6): + "1 A great and wondrous sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head. 2 She was pregnant and cried out in pain as she was about to give birth." (12:1-2). -- "3 Then another sign appeared in heaven: an enormous red dragon with seven heads and ten horns and seven crowns on his heads.4 His tail swept a third of the stars out of the sky and flung them to the earth. The dragon stood in front of the woman who was about to give birth, so that he might devour her Child the moment He was born. 5 She gave birth to a Son, a male Child, who will rule all the nations with an iron scepter. And her Child was snatched up to God and to His throne. 6 The woman fled into the desert to a place prepared for her by God, where she might be taken care of for 1,260 days." (12:3-6). +++30 Satan is cast out of heaven in war with angel Michael (12:7-12): ++ "7 And there was war in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the dragon and his angels fought back. 8 But he was not strong enough, and they lost their place in heaven. 9 The great dragon was hurled down - that ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him." (12:7-9). ++ Joy in heaven for Satan is defeated by the blood of the Lamb: + "10 Then I heard a loud voice in heaven say: "Now have come the salvation and the power and the kingdom of our God, and the authority of His Christ. For the accuser of our brothers, who accuses them before our God day and night, has been hurled down. 11 They overcame him by the blood of the Lamb and by the word of their testimony; they did not love their lives so much as to shrink from death. 12+- Therefore rejoice, you heavens and you who dwell in them! But woe to the earth and the sea, because the devil has gone down to you! He is filled with fury, because he knows that his time is short." (12:10-12). +++31 The dragon pursues the woman on earth (12:13-17): + "... 17 And the dragon was angry at the woman and declared war against the rest of her children - all who keep God's commandments and maintain their testimony for Jesus." (12:17). +++32 The beat comes out of the sea (13:1-10). ++ "1- And the dragon stood on the shore of the sea. And I saw a beast coming out of the sea. He had ten horns and seven heads, with ten crowns on his horns, and on each head a blasphemous name. 2- The beast I saw resembled a leopard, but had feet like those of a bear and a mouth like that of a lion. The dragon gave the beast his power and his throne and great authority. 3- One of the heads of the beast seemed to have had a fatal wound, but the fatal wound had been healed. The whole world was astonished and followed the beast." (13:1-3). ++ "7- He was given power to make war against the saints and to conquer them. And he was given authority over every tribe, people, language and nation. 8- All inhabitants of the earth will worship the beast - all whose names have not been written in the Book of Life belonging to the Lamb that was slain from the creation of the world." (13:7-8) +++33 The second beast (13:11-18): ++ "11- Then I saw another beast, coming out of the earth. He had two horns like a lamb, but he spoke like a dragon. 12- He exercised all the authority of the first beast on his behalf, and made the earth and its inhabitants worship the first beast, whose fatal wound had been healed. 13- And he performed great and miraculous signs, even causing fire to come down from heaven to earth in full view of men. 14- Because of the signs he was given power to do on behalf of the first beast, he deceived the inhabitants of the earth. He ordered them to set up an image in honor of the beast who was wounded by the sword and yet lived. 15- He was given power to give breath to the image of the first beast, so that it could speak and cause all who refused to worship the image to be killed." (13:11-15) *** {Note: The dragon and the two beasts are false imitate of the Trinity}.*** +++34 The mark of evil: ++ "16- He also forced everyone, both small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right hand or on their foreheads, 17- so that no one may buy or sell except one who has the mark or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. 18- This calls for wisdom. If anyone has insight, let him calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man: His number is 666." (13:16-18). +++35 The Lamb with the 144,000 who were redeemed (14:1-5): ++ "1 Then I looked, and there before me was the Lamb, standing on Mount Zion, and with Him 144,000 who had His name and His Father's name written on their foreheads." (14:1). -- They are faithful and holy. +++36 Proclamations of three angels (14:6-13). ++ "6 Then I saw another angel flying in midair, and he had the eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth - to every nation, tribe, language and people. 7+ He said in a loud voice, "Fear God and give Him glory, because the hour of His judgment has come. Worship Him who made the heavens, the earth, the sea and the springs of water." (14:6-7). ++ Other angels are given warning for the ungodly and reward for the godly (14:8-11). +++ "12+ This calls for patient endurance on the part of the saints who obey God's commandments and remain faithful to Jesus." (14:12). ++ "13+ Then I heard a voice from heaven say, "Write: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on." "Yes," says the Spirit, "they will rest from their labor, for their deeds will follow them." (14:13). +++37.6 Harvest of the earth (14:14-20): ++ "14+ Then I looked, and behold, a white cloud, and on the cloud sat One "like the Son of Man" {Dan.7:13}, having on His head a golden crown, and in His hand a sharp sickle. 15+ And another angel came out of the temple, crying with a loud voice to Him who sat on the cloud, "Thrust in Your sickle and reap, for the time has come for You to reap, for the harvest of the earth is ripe. 16+ So He who sat on the cloud thrust in His sickle on the earth, and the earth was reaped." (14:14-16). -- Then another angel with sharp sickle will reap the bad harvest for judgment in fire and blood (14:17-20). +++37 The 7 angels with the last 7 plagues (15): ++ "1 I saw in heaven another great and marvelous sign: seven angels with the seven last plagues - last, because with them God's wrath is completed." (15:1). +++38 The seven angels pour out the 7 bowls of God's wrath (16): ++ "1 Then I heard a loud voice from the temple saying to the seven angels, "Go, pour out the seven bowls of God's wrath on the earth." (16:1). ++ "16 And the demonic spirits gathered all the rulers and their armies to a place with the Hebrew name Armageddon." (16:16). +++39 Woman dressed in purple ans scarlet sitting on the beast (17:1-6). +++40 Mystery of the woman and the beast explained (17:5-18). +++41 Fall of Babylon and her sinful followers (18:1-8). +++42 Woe and Warning for Babylon's destruction (18:9-19). +++43 Rejoicing from heaven for Babylon's destruction (18:20-24 + 19:1-5). +++44 Wedding supper of the Lamb (19:6-10). ++ "7+ Let us rejoice and be glad and give Him glory! For the wedding of the Lamb has come, and His bride (Jesus' church) has made herself ready." (19:7). +++ Worship God only: "10+ At this I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, "Do not do it! I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers who hold to the testimony of Jesus. + Worship God! + For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy." (19:10). +++45 The Rider coming on a white horse and His army (19:11-16): ++ "11+ Now I saw heaven opened, and behold, a white horse. And He who sat on him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness He judges and makes war." (19:11). ++ Describe Jesus' coming: ++ "12 His eyes are like blazing fire, and on His head are many crowns. He has a name written on Him that no one knows but He Himself. + 13 He is dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and His name is the Word of God. + 14 The armies of heaven were following Him, riding on white horses and dressed in fine linen, white and clean. + 15 Out of His mouth comes a sharp sword with which to strike down the nations. "He will rule them with an iron scepter." {Ps.2:9} He treads the winepress of the fury of the wrath of God Almighty. + 16 On His robe and on His thigh He has this name written: KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS." (19:12-16). +++46 Beast and fall prophet lose the war and been thrown alive into the lake of fire (19:17-21): ++ "19 Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies gathered together to make war against the Rider on the horse and His army. 20 But the beast was captured, and with him the false prophet who had performed the miraculous signs on his behalf. With these signs he had deluded those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped his image. The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur. 21 The rest of them were killed with the sword that came out of the mouth of the rider on the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh." (19:19-21). +++47 Satan bound for 1000 years (20:1-3): ++ "1 And I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key to the Abyss and holding in his hand a great chain. 2 He seized the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is the devil, or Satan, and bound him for a thousand years. 3 He threw him into the Abyss, and locked and sealed it over him, to keep him from deceiving the nations anymore until the thousand years were ended. After that, he must be set free for a short time." (20:1-3). +++48 Christian martys reign with Christ for 1000 years (20:4-6): +++ "4+ I saw thrones on which were seated those who had been given authority to judge. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their testimony for Jesus and because of the word of God. They had not worshiped the beast or his image and had not received his mark on their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and reigned with Christ a thousand years. 5- (The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were ended.) This is the first resurrection. 6+ Blessed and holy are those who have part in the first resurrection. The second death has no power over them, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years." (20:4-6). +++49 The revolt of Satan after his reliease (20:7-10): ++ "7- When the thousand years are over, Satan will be released from his prison 8- and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of the earth - Gog and Magog (Eze 38-39) - to gather them for battle. In number they are like the sand on the seashore. 9- They marched across the breadth of the earth and surrounded the camp of God's people and the beloved city. But fire came down from heaven and devoured them. 10- And the devil, who deceived them, was thrown into the lake of burning sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet had been thrown. They will be tormented day and night for ever and ever." (20:7-10). +++50 Judgment's Day at the Great White Throne (20:11-15): +++ "11+ Then I saw a great white throne and Him who was seated on it. Earth and sky fled from His presence, and there was no place for them. 12+ And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the Book of Life. The dead were judged according to what they had done as recorded in the books. 13+ The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and all were judged according to what they had done. 14- Then death and Hades (world of the dead) were thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death. 15- If anyone's name was not found written in the Book of Life was thrown into the lake of fire." (20:11-15). +++51 The new heaven, a new earth, and the new Jerusalem (21): ++ "1+ Then I saw a new heaven and a new earth, for the first heaven and the first earth had passed away, and there was no longer any sea. 2+ I saw the Holy City, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,prepared as a bride adorned for her husband." (21:1-2). +++ "3+ And I heard a loud voice from the throne saying, "Now the dwelling of God is with men, and He will live with them. They will be His people, and God Himself will be with them and be their God. 4+ He will wipe every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death or mourning or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away." (21:3-4). +++ "5+ He who was seated on the throne said, "I am making everything new!" Then He said, "Write this down, for these words are trustworthy and true." 6+ He said to me: "It is done. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End. To all who are thirsty I will give freely from the springs of the water of life." (21:5-6). +++ "7 Those who conquer will inherit these things, and I will be their God and they will be My children." (21:7). --- Judgment for unrepentant sinners: "... their place will be in the fiery lake of burning sulfur. This is the second death." (21:8). +++52 The City of Heaven (21:9-27): ++ "10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain great and high, and showed me the Holy City, Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God." (21:10). ++ "22+ I did not see a temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are its temple. 23+ The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its lamp. 24+ The nations (of those who are saved) will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth will bring their splendor into it. 25+ On no day will its gates ever be shut, for there will be no night there. 26+ The glory and honor of the nations will be brought into it. 27+ Nothing impure will ever enter it, nor will anyone who does what is shameful or deceitful, but only those whose names are written in the Lamb's Book of Life." (21:22-27). +++53 The River of Life and the Tree of Life (22:1-6): ++ "1+ Then the angel showed me the River of the Water of Life, as clear as crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb 2+ down the middle of the great street of the city. On each side of the river stood the Tree of Life, bearing twelve crops of fruit, yielding its fruit every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the nations. 3+ No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of the Lamb will be in the city, and His servants will serve Him. 4+ They will see His face, and His name will be on their foreheads. 5+ There will be no more night. They will not need the light of a lamp or the light of the sun, for the Lord God will give them light. And they will reign for ever and ever." (22:1-5). +++54 The Return of our Lord Jesus Christ (22:7-21): +++ "7 "Behold, I am coming soon! Blessed is the one who keeps the words of the prophecy in this Book." (22:7). +++ Worship God only (22:8-9). ++ "10 Then he told me, "Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this book, because the time is near." (22:10). ++ Unchanged hearts: + "11 He who is unjust, let him be unjust still; he who is filthy, let him be filthy still; he who is righteous, let him be righteous still; he who is holy, let him be holy still." (22:11). +++ "12 "Behold, I am coming soon! My reward is with Me, and I will give to all people according to their deeds." (22:12). ++ "13+ I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End. 14+ "Blessed are those who wash their robes, that they may have the right to the Tree of Life and may go through the gates into the city." (22:13-14). +++ "16+ "I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you this testimony for the churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the Bright Morning Star." (22:16). ++ "17+ The Spirit and the bride say, "Come." And let everyone who hears say, "Come." And let everyone who is thirsty come. Let anyone who wishes take the water of life as a free gift." (22:17). +++ "18+ I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this book: if anyone adds to them, God will add to that person the plagues described in this book; 19+ if anyone takes away from the words of the book of this prophecy, God will take away that person’s share in the tree of life and in the holy city, which are described in this book." (22:18-19). +++ "20+ He who testifies to these things says, "Yes, I am coming soon." Amen. Come, Lord Jesus. 21+ The grace of the Lord Jesus be with God's people. Amen." (22:20-21).
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(<<) Bible New Testament Timeline
+++ B.C. :
37 - Herod the Great begins to rule
6/5 - Jesus is born
5/4 - Escape to Egypt
4 - Herod the Great dies
4/3 - Return to Nazareth
+++ A.D. :
6 - Judea becomes a Roman province
6/7 - Jesus visits Temple as a boy (12)
14 - Tiberius Caesar becomes emperor
26 - Pontius Pilate appointed governor
26 - John's ministry begins
26/27 - Jesus begins His ministry
28 - Jesus chooses twelve disciples
29 - Jesus feeds 5,000
30 - Jesus is crucified, rises again, and ascends
30 - Pentecost; church begun
35 - Stephen martyred; Paul's conversion
38 - Paul returns to Tarsus
43 - Barnabas goes to find Paul
44 - James martyred; Peter in prison
46-48 - Paul's first missionary journey
50 - Jerusalem council
50-52 - Paul's second missionary journey
53-57 - Paul's third missionary journey
54 - Nero becomes emperor
57-59 - Paul imprisoned in Caesarea
59 - Paul's journey to Rome
62 - Paul released from prison
67? - Paul martyred
70 - Rome destroys Jerusalem
15/7/11
NEW TESTAMENT - Matthew (Ma-thi-ơ) 6:19-34
NEW TESTAMENT ( KINH THANH TAN UOC)
Ma-thi-ơ 6:19-34
19 Các ngươi chớ chứa của cải ở dưới đất, là nơi có sâu mối, ten rét làm hư, và kẻ trộm đào ngạch khoét vách mà lấy; 20 nhưng phải chứa của cải ở trên trời, là nơi chẳng có sâu mối, ten rét làm hư, cũng chẳng có kẻ trộm đào ngạch khoét vách mà lấy. 21 Vì chưng của cải ngươi ở đâu, thì lòng ngươi cũng ở đó. 22 Con mắt là đèn của thân thể. Nếu mắt ngươi sáng sủa thì cả thân thể ngươi sẽ được sáng láng; 23 nhưng nếu mắt ngươi xấu, thì cả thân thể sẽ tối tăm. Vậy, nếu sự sáng láng trong ngươi chỉ là tối tăm, thì sự tối tăm nầy sẽ lớn biết là dường bao! 24 Chẳng ai được làm tôi hai chủ; vì sẽ ghét người nầy mà yêu người kia, hoặc trọng người nầy mà khinh người kia. Các ngươi không có thể làm tôi Đức Chúa Trời lại làm tôi Ma-môn nữa. 25 Vậy nên ta phán cùng các ngươi rằng: đừng vì sự sống mình mà lo đồ ăn uống; cũng đừng vì thân thể mình mà lo đồ mặc. Sự sống há chẳng quí trọng hơn đồ ăn sao, thân thể há chẳng quí trọng hơn quần áo sao? 26 Hãy xem loài chim trời: chẳng có gieo, gặt cũng chẳng có thâu trữ vào kho tàng, mà Cha các ngươi trên trời nuôi nó. Các ngươi há chẳng phải là quí trọng hơn loài chim sao? 27 Vả lại, có ai trong vòng các ngươi lo lắng mà làm cho đời mình được dài thêm một khắc không? 28 Còn về phần quần áo, các ngươi lại lo lắng mà làm chi? Hãy ngắm xem những hoa huệ ngoài đồng mọc lên thể nào: chẳng làm khó nhọc, cũng không kéo chỉ; 29 nhưng ta phán cùng các ngươi, dẫu vua Sa-lô-môn sang trọng đến đâu, cũng không được mặc áo tốt như một hoa nào trong giống đó. 30 Hỡi kẻ ít đức tin, loài cỏ ngoài đồng, là giống nay còn sống, mai bỏ vào lò, mà Đức Chúa Trời còn cho nó mặc đẹp thể ấy thay, huống chi là các ngươi! 31 Ấy vậy, các ngươi chớ lo lắng mà nói rằng: Chúng ta sẽ ăn gì? uống gì? mặc gì? 32 Vì mọi điều đó, các dân ngoại vẫn thường tìm, và Cha các ngươi ở trên trời vốn biết các ngươi cần dùng những điều đó rồi. 33 Nhưng trước hết, hãy tìm kiếm nước Đức Chúa Trời và sự công bình của Ngài, thì Ngài sẽ cho thêm các ngươi mọi điều ấy nữa. 34 Vậy, chớ lo lắng chi về ngày mai; vì ngày mai sẽ lo về việc ngày mai. Sự khó nhọc ngày nào đủ cho ngày ấy.
---------------------------
Ma-thi-ơ 6:19-34
19 Các ngươi chớ chứa của cải ở dưới đất, là nơi có sâu mối, ten rét làm hư, và kẻ trộm đào ngạch khoét vách mà lấy; 20 nhưng phải chứa của cải ở trên trời, là nơi chẳng có sâu mối, ten rét làm hư, cũng chẳng có kẻ trộm đào ngạch khoét vách mà lấy. 21 Vì chưng của cải ngươi ở đâu, thì lòng ngươi cũng ở đó. 22 Con mắt là đèn của thân thể. Nếu mắt ngươi sáng sủa thì cả thân thể ngươi sẽ được sáng láng; 23 nhưng nếu mắt ngươi xấu, thì cả thân thể sẽ tối tăm. Vậy, nếu sự sáng láng trong ngươi chỉ là tối tăm, thì sự tối tăm nầy sẽ lớn biết là dường bao! 24 Chẳng ai được làm tôi hai chủ; vì sẽ ghét người nầy mà yêu người kia, hoặc trọng người nầy mà khinh người kia. Các ngươi không có thể làm tôi Đức Chúa Trời lại làm tôi Ma-môn nữa. 25 Vậy nên ta phán cùng các ngươi rằng: đừng vì sự sống mình mà lo đồ ăn uống; cũng đừng vì thân thể mình mà lo đồ mặc. Sự sống há chẳng quí trọng hơn đồ ăn sao, thân thể há chẳng quí trọng hơn quần áo sao? 26 Hãy xem loài chim trời: chẳng có gieo, gặt cũng chẳng có thâu trữ vào kho tàng, mà Cha các ngươi trên trời nuôi nó. Các ngươi há chẳng phải là quí trọng hơn loài chim sao? 27 Vả lại, có ai trong vòng các ngươi lo lắng mà làm cho đời mình được dài thêm một khắc không? 28 Còn về phần quần áo, các ngươi lại lo lắng mà làm chi? Hãy ngắm xem những hoa huệ ngoài đồng mọc lên thể nào: chẳng làm khó nhọc, cũng không kéo chỉ; 29 nhưng ta phán cùng các ngươi, dẫu vua Sa-lô-môn sang trọng đến đâu, cũng không được mặc áo tốt như một hoa nào trong giống đó. 30 Hỡi kẻ ít đức tin, loài cỏ ngoài đồng, là giống nay còn sống, mai bỏ vào lò, mà Đức Chúa Trời còn cho nó mặc đẹp thể ấy thay, huống chi là các ngươi! 31 Ấy vậy, các ngươi chớ lo lắng mà nói rằng: Chúng ta sẽ ăn gì? uống gì? mặc gì? 32 Vì mọi điều đó, các dân ngoại vẫn thường tìm, và Cha các ngươi ở trên trời vốn biết các ngươi cần dùng những điều đó rồi. 33 Nhưng trước hết, hãy tìm kiếm nước Đức Chúa Trời và sự công bình của Ngài, thì Ngài sẽ cho thêm các ngươi mọi điều ấy nữa. 34 Vậy, chớ lo lắng chi về ngày mai; vì ngày mai sẽ lo về việc ngày mai. Sự khó nhọc ngày nào đủ cho ngày ấy.
---------------------------
Nhã Ca của Salomon ( Song of Salomon - Old Testament )
[ Nhã Ca - Kinh Thánh Cựu Ước /Song of Salomon - Old Testament ]
Nhã Ca của Salômôn
Nhã Ca 1
(Lời bày tỏ tình yêu)
1:1 Nhã ca trong các bài ca, mà Sa-lô-môn đã làm.
1:2 Nguyện người hôn tôi bằng cái hôn của miệng người. Vì ái tình chàng ngon hơn rượu.
1:3 Dầu chàng có mùi thơm tho; Danh chàng thơm như dầu đổ ra; Bởi cớ ấy các gái đồng trinh yêu mến chàng.
1:4 Hãy kéo tôi; chúng tôi sẽ chạy theo chàng, Vua đã dẫn tôi vào phòng Ngài. Chúng tôi sẽ vui mừng và khoái lạc nơi chàng; Chúng tôi sẽ nói đến ái tình chàng hơn rượu. Các gái đồng trinh yêu mến chàng cách chánh trực.
1:5 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, tôi đen, song xinh đẹp, Như các trại Kê-đa, như màn cháng của Sa-lô-môn.
1:6 Chớ dòm xem tôi, bởi vì tôi đen, Mặt trời đã giọi nám tôi. Các con trai của mẹ tôi giận tôi, Ðã đặt tôi coi giữ vườn nho; Còn vườn nho riêng của tôi, tôi không coi giữ.
1:7 Hỡi người mà lòng tôi yêu mến, hãy tỏ cho tôi biết. Chàng chăn bầy ở đâu, Ban trưa cho nó nằm nghỉ tại nơi nào; Vì cớ sao tôi phải như một người nữ che mặt Ở bên bầy của các bạn chàng?
1:8 Hỡi người đẹp hơn hết trong các người nữ, Nếu ngươi chẳng biết, hãy ra theo dấu của bầy, Và chăn các dê con mình gần bên trại kẻ chăn chiên.
1:9 Hỡi bạn tình ta, ta sánh mình như ngựa cái của xe Pha-ra-ôn.
1:10 Ðôi má mình đẹp với đồ trang sức; Cổ mình xinh với hột trân châu.
1:11 Chúng tôi sẽ làm cho mình chuyền vàng có vảy bạc.
1:12 Trong khi vua ngự bàn ăn, Cam tòng hương tôi xông mùi thơm nó ra.
1:13 Lương nhân tôi giống như bó hoa một dược cho tôi. Nằm ở giữa nương long tôi.
1:14 Lương nhân tôi giống như một chùm hoa phụng tiên cho tôi. Trong vườn nho Eân-Ghê-đi.
1:15 Hỡi bạn tình ta, mình thanh lịch thay, mình thanh lịch thay! Con mắt mình như mắt của bò câu.
1:16 Hỡi lương nhân tôi, chàng là xinh tốt; Thật, hợp ý thay! Lại giường của chúng ta xanh xanh.
1:17 Rường nhà chúng ta bằng gổ hương nam; Ván lá mái chúng ta bằng cây tòng.
(<<) Nha Ca 2
(Bạn tình yêu nhau say đắm)
2:1 Ta là hoa tường vi của Sa-rôn, Bông huệ của trũng.
2:2 Bạn tình ta ở giữa đám con gái Như bông huệ ở giữa gai gốc.
2:3 Lương nhân tôi ở giữa đám con trai Như cây bình bát ở giữa những cây rừng. Tôi vui lòng ngồi dưới bóng người; Trái người ngọt ngào cho ổ gà tôi.
2:4 Người đưa tôi vào phòng yến tiệc, Ngọn cờ người phất trên tôi ấy là ái tình.
2:5 Hãy lấy bánh nho nâng đỡ lòng tôi; Dùng trái bình bát bổ sức tôi lại; Vì tôi có bịnh bởi ái tình.
2:6 Tay tả người kê dưới đầu tôi, Còn tay hữu người ôm lấy tôi.
2:7 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi Bởi những con hoàng dương hay là con nai đồng nội, Chớ kinh động, chớ làm tỉnh thức ái tình ta Cho đến khi nó muốn.
2:8 Ấy là tiếng của lương nhân tôi! Kìa, người đến, nhảy qua các núi, Vượt qua các gò.
2:9 Lương nhân tôi giống như con hoàng dương hay là con nai tơ. Kìa, người đứng sau tường chúng tôi, Xem ngang qua cửa sổ, Ngó ngang qua chấn song.
2:10 Lương nhân tôi nói chuyện với tôi rằng: Hỡi bạn tình ta, người đẹp của ta ơi, hãy chổi dậy và đến.
2:11 Vì kìa, mùa đông đã qua, Mưa đã dứt hết rồi;
2:12 Bóng hoa nở ra trên đất; Mùa hát xướng đã đến nơi, Và tiếng chim cu nghe trong xứ;
2:13 Cây vả đang chín trái xanh tươi của nó, Và nho trổ hoa nức mùi hương. Hỡi bạn tình ta, người đẹp của ta ơi, hãy chổi dậy và đến.
2:14 Hỡi chim bò câu ta trong hóc đá, Tại chốn đụt của nơi hê hẩm, Hãy tỏ cho ta xem mặt mũi mình, Cho ta nghe tiếng mình; Vì tiếng mình êm dịu. mặt mũi mình có duyên.
2:15 Hãy bắt cho chúng tôi những con chồn, Những con chồn nhỏ phá hại vườn nho; Vì vườn nho chúng tôi đang trổ bông.
2:16 Lương nhân tôi thuộc về tôi, và tôi thuộc về người; Người chăn bầy mình giữa đám bông huệ,
2:17 Cho đến hừng đông lố ra, Và bóng tối tan đi. Hỡi lương nhân tôi, hãy trở về, Khá giống như con hoàng dương hay là con nai tơ Trên hòn núi Bê-thẹt.
(<<) Nha Ca 3
(Tìm kiếm người bạn tình)
3:1 Ban đêm tại trên giường mình, tôi tình người mà lòng tôi yêu dấu, Tôi tìm kiếm người mà không gặp.
3:2 Tôi nói: Ta sẽ chổi dậy bây giờ, dạo quanh thành, Trải qua các đường phố, các ngã ba, Ðặng tìm người mà lòng tôi yêu dấu. Tôi Tìm kiếm người, nhưng không gặp.
3:3 những kẻ canh tuần vòng quanh thành có gặp tôi. Tôi hỏi rằng: Các ngươi có thấy người mà lòng ta yêu mến chăng!
3:4 Tôi vừa đi khỏi chúng xa xa, Thì gặp người mà lòng tôi yêu mến; Bèn nắm lấy người, không khứng buông ra, Cho đến khi đưa người về nhà mẹ tôi, Vào phòng của người đã thai dựng tôi.
3:5 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi bởi những hoàng dương hay là con nai đồng nội, Chớ kinh động, chớ làm tỉnh thức ái tình ta Cho đến khi nó muốn.
3:6 người kia là ai, ở từ đồng vắng đi lên, Giống như trụ khói, xông một dược và nhũ hương, với đủ thứ hương của con buôn?
3:7 Kìa, kiệu của Sa-lô-môn, Có sáu mươi dõng sĩ trong bọn dõng sĩ Y-sơ-ra-ên Vây chung quanh nó;
3:8 Thảy đều cầm gươm và thạo đánh giặc; Ai nấy đều có gươm ở nơi đùi mình, Vì sợ hãi ban đêm.
3:9 Vua Sa-lô-môn làm cho mình một cái kiệu bằng gỗ Li-ban.
3:10 Người làm các trụ nó bằng bạc, Nơi dựa lưng bằng vàng, Chỗ ngồi bằng vật màu điều, Còn ở giữa lót bằng ái tình của các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem.
3:11 Hỡi các con gái Si-ôn, hãy ra xem vua Sa-lô-môn Ðội mão triều thiên mà mẹ người đã đội trên đầu người Trong ngày định thân, trong ngày lòng người vui vẻ.
(<<) Nha Ca 4
(Khen người yêu đẹp đẽ)
4:1 Hỡi bạn tình ta, nầy mình đẹp đẽ thay, mình đẹp đẽ thay! Mắt mình trong lúp giống như mắt bò câu; Tóc mình khác nào bầy dê nằm nơi triền núi Ga-la-át.
4:2 Răng mình như thể bầy chiên mới hớt lông, Từ ao tắm rửa đi lên, Thảy đều sanh đôi, không một con nào son sẻ.
4:3 Môi mình tợ sợi chỉ hồng, Miệng mình có duyên thay; Má mình trong lúp tợ như nửa quả lựu.
4:4 Cổ mình như tháp Ða-vít, xây cất để treo binh khí; Ngàn cái khiên treo tại đó, là các cái khiên của tay anh hùng.
4:5 Hai nương long mình như cặp con sanh đôi của hoàng dương, Thả ăn giữa đám hoa huệ.
4:6 Ta sẽ đi lên núi một dược, Ðến đồi nhũ hương, Ở cho đến khi hừng đông lố ra, Và bóng tối tan đi.
4:7 Hỡi bạn ta, mình vốn xinh đẹp mọi bề, Nơi mình chẳng có tì vít gì cả.
4:8 Hỡi tân phụ ta, hãy cùng ta đến từ Li-ban, Hãy cùng ta đến từ Li-ban; Khá nhìn xem từ chót A-ma-na, Từ đỉnh Sa-nia và Hẹt-môn, Từ hang sư tử, Từ núi con beo.
4:9 Hỡi em gái ta, tân phụ ta ơi, mình đã cướp lấy lòng ta, Vì một cái liếc mắt, vì một vòng trân châu nơi cổ mình, mình đã cướp lấy lòng ta.
4:10 Hỡi em gái ta, tân phụ ta ơi, ái tình mình đẹp là dường nào! ái tình mình ngon hơn rượu, Và mùi thơm của dầu mình tốt hơn các thức hương!
4:11 Hỡi tân phụ ta, môi mình nhỏ mật ong xuống, Dưới lưỡi mình có mật ong và sữa; Hơi thơm của quần áo mình như hơi thơm của Li-ban.
4:12 Em gái ta, tân phụ ta là vườn đóng kín, Là nguồn nước khóa lại, là suối niêm phong.
4:13 Ðám cây mình là vườn địa đàng, Có thạch lựu và trái ngon, Hoa phụng tiên và cây Cam tòng.
4:14 Cam tòng và hồng hoa, xương bồ và nhục quế, Cùng mọi thức cây có mùi thơm, Một dược, lư hội với các hương liệu có danh.
4:15 Mình là mạch nước trong vườn, Là giếng nước sống, là dòng nước chảy từ Li-ban!
4:16 Hỡi gió bắc, hãy nổi dậy, hỡi gió nam, hãy thổi đến; Hãy thổi trong vườn tôi, hầu cho các mùi thơm nó bay ra! Nguyện lương nhân tôi vào trong vườn người, Và ăn các trái ngon ngọt của người!
(<<) Nha Ca 5
5:1 Hỡi em gái ta, tân phụ ta ơi, ta đã vào trong vườn ta rồi! Ta có hái một dược và hương liệu ta, Ăn tàng mật ong với mật ong ta, Uống rượu với sữa ta. Hỡi các bạn, hãy ăn: hỡi các ái hữu, khá uống cho nhiều!
(Không gặp được bạn tình)
5:2 Tôi ngủ, nhưng lòng tôi tỉnh thức. Ấy là tiếng của lương nhân tôi gõ cửa, mà rằng: Hỡi em gái ta, bạn tình ta, chim bò câu ta, kẻ toàn hảo của ta ơi, hãy mở cửa cho ta! Vì đầu ta đầy sương móc, Lọn tóc ta thấm giọt ban đêm.
5:3 Tôi đã cổi áo ngoài rồi, làm sao mặc nó lại? Tôi đã rửa chân rồi, lẽ nào làm lấm lại?
5:4 Lương nhân tôi thò tay vào lỗ cửa, Lòng dạ tôi cảm động vì cớ người.
5:5 Tôi bèn chổi dậy đặng mở cửa cho lương nhân tôi; Tay tôi nhỏ giọt một dược, Và ngón tay tôi chảy một dược ròng trên nạm chốt cửa.
5:6 Tôi mở cửa cho lương nhân tôi, Nhưng người đã lánh đi khỏi rồi. Ðang khi người nói lòng tôi mất vía. Tôi tìm kiếm người, nhưng không có gặp; Tôi gọi người, song người chẳng đáp.
5:7 Kẻ canh tuần quanh thành gặp tôi, Ðánh tôi, và làm tôi bị thương; Các kẻ canh giữ vách thành cất lấy lúp khỏi tôi.
5:8 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi, Nếu gặp lương nhân ta, khá nói với người rằng Ta có bịnh vì ái tình.
(Khen người yêu xinh đẹp)
5:9 Hỡi người xinh đẹp hơn hết trong các người nữ, lương nhân của chị có gì hơn lương nhân khác? Lương nhân của chị có gì hơn lương nhân khác? Mà chị ép nài chúng tôi dường ấy?
5:10 Lương nhân tôi trắng và đỏ, Ðệ nhất trong muôn người.
5:11 Ðầu người bằng vàng thật ròng; Lọn tóc người quăn, và đen như quạ.
5:12 Mắt người như chim bò câu gần suối nước, Tắm sạch trong sửa, được nhận khảm kỹ càng.
5:13 Gò má người như vuông đất hương hoa, Tợ khóm cỏ thơm ngát; Môi người tỉ như hoa huệ ướm chảy một dược ròng.
5:14 Tay người như ống tròn vàng có nhận hu"nh ngọc: Thân mình người khác nào ngà bóng láng cẩn ngọc xanh.
5:15 Hai chân người giống trụ cẩm thạch trắng, Ðể trên táng vàng ròng; Tướng mạo người tợ như núi Li-ban, xinh tốt như cây hương nam,
5:16 Miệng người rất êm dịu; Thật, toàn thể cách người đáng yêu đương. Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, lương nhân tôi như vậy, Bạn tình tôi dường ấy!
(<<) Nha Ca 6
6:1 Hỡi người xinh đẹp hơn hết trong các người nữ, lương nhân của chị đi đâu? Lương nhân của chị xây về hướng nào? Chúng tôi sẽ cùng đi tìm người với chị.
6:2 Lương nhân tôi đi xuống vườn người, Nơi vuông đất hương hoa, Ðặng chăn trong vườn, Và bẻ hoa huệ.
6:3 Tôi thuộc về lương nhân tôi, Và lương nhân tôi thuộc về tôi; Người chăn bầy mình giữa đám hoa huệ.
(Khen bạn tình xinh đẹp)
6:4 Hỡi bạn tình ta, mình xinh đẹp như Thiệt sa, Có duyên như Giê-ru-sa-lem, Ðáng sợ khác nào đạo quân giương cờ xí.
6:5 Hãy xây mắt mình khỏi ta, Vì nó làm cho ta bối rối. Tóc mình khác nào đoàn dê trên triền núi Ga-la-át;
6:6 Răng mình như bầy chiên cái, Từ nơi tắm rửa mới lên; Thảy đều sanh đôi, Không một con nào son sẻ.
6:7 Má mình trong lúp tợ một nửa quả lựu.
6:8 Có sáu mươi hoàng hậu, tám mươi cung phi, Và nhiều vô số con đòi:
6:9 Chim bò câu ta, người toàn hảo ta Vốn là có một, con một của mẹ mình. Kẻ kén chọn của người đã sanh đẻ mình. Các con gái đều thấy nàng, và xưng nàng có phước. Ðến đỗi những hoàng hậu và cung phi cũng đều khen ngợi nàng.
6:10 Người nữ nầy là ai, hiện ra như rạng đông, Ðẹp như mặt trăng, tinh sạch như mặt trời, Ðáng sợ khác nào đạo quân giương cờ xí?
6:11 Tôi đi xuống vườn hạch đào, Ðặng xem cây cỏ xanh tươi của trũng, Ðặng thử coi vườn nho đã nứt đọt, thạch lựu đã nở hoa chưa.
6:12 Không ngờ, lòng tôi dẫn dắt tôi Trên các xe của dân sự tôi có tình nguyện.
6:13 Hỡi Su-la-mít, hãy trở về, hãy trở về! Khá trở về, trở về, hầu cho chúng tôi xem thấy người. Vì sao các ngươi muốn thấy người Su-la-mít, Như thấy sự nhảy múa của Ma-ha-na-im?
(<<) Nha Ca 7
7:1 Hỡi công chúa, chân nàng mang giày, xinh đẹp biết bao! Vòng vế nàng khác nào một trân châu, Công việc của tay thợ khéo làm.
7:2 Rún nàng giống như cái ly tròn, Rượu thơm không có thiếu. Bụng nàng dường một đống lúa mạch, Có hoa huệ sắp đặt tứ vi.
7:3 Hai nương long nàng như hai con Sanh đôi của con hoàng dương.
7:4 Cổ nàng như một cái tháp ngà. Mắt nàng khác nào các ao tại Hết-bôn Ở bên cửa Bát-Ra-bim; Mũi nàng như ngọn tháp Li-ban Ngó về hướng Ða-mách.
7:5 Ðầu ở trên mình nàng khác nào núi Cạt-mên, Và tóc đầu nàng như sắc tía; Một vì vua bị lọn tóc nàng vấn vít.
7:6 Hỡi ái tình ta, mình xinh đẹp thay, Hạp ý dường bao, khiến cho người ta được khoái chí!
7:7 Hình dung mình giống như cây chà là, Và nương long mình tợ chùm nó.
7:8 Ta nói rằng: Ta sẽ trèo lên cây chà là, Vin lấy các tàu nó; Nguyên hai nương long mình như chùm nho, Mùi thơm mũi mình như trái bình bát,
7:9 Và ổ gà mình như rượu ngon. Chảy vào dễ dàng cho lương nhân tôi, Và tuôn nơi môi kẻ nào ngủ.
(Lời hứa hẹn với bạn tình)
7:10 Tôi thuộc về lương nhân tôi, Sự ước ao người hướng về tôi.
7:11 Hỡi lương nhân tôi, hãy đến, chúng ta sẽ đi ra ngoài đồng, Ở đêm nơi hương thôn.
7:12 Vừa sớm mai, chúng ta sẽ thức dậy, Ði đến vườn nho, đặng xem thử nho có nứt đọt, Hoa có trổ, thạch lựu có nở bông chăng: Tại đó tôi sẽ tỏ ái tình tôi cho chàng.
7:13 Trái phong già xông mùi thơm nó; Và tại cửa chúng ta có những thứ trái ngon mới và cũ; Hỡi lương nhân tôi, tôi đã để dành trái ấy cho chàng!
(<<) Nha Ca 8
8:1 Ồ! chớ chi chàng làm anh em tôi, Kẻ đã bú mớm vú của mẹ tôi! Nếu tôi gặp chàng ở ngoài, Ắt tôi sẽ hôn chàng, không ai khinh bỉ tôi được.
8:2 Tôi sẽ dẫn chàng vào nhà mẹ tôi; Tại đó chàng sẽ dạy dỗ tôi; Tôi sẽ cho chàng uống rượu thơm, Nước ngọt của trái thạch lựu tôi.
8:3 Tay tả người sẽ kê dưới đầu tôi, Còn tay hữu người ôm lấy tôi.
8:4 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi, Chớ kinh động, chớ làm tỉnh thức ái tình ta Cho đến khi nó muốn.
8:5 Người nữ nầy là ai, từ đồng vắng đi lên, Nương dựa lương nhân của nàng? Ta đã đánh thức mình tại dưới cây bình bát: Ở đó mẹ bị đau đớn mà sanh mình ra, Ở đó người mà đã sanh đẻ mình bị cơn lao khổ.
8:6 Hãy để tôi như một cái ấn nơi lòng chàng, Như một cái ấn trên cánh tay chàng; Vì ái tình mạnh như sự chết, Lòng ghen hung dữ như âm phủ; Sự nóng nó là sự nóng của lửa, Thật một ngọn lửa của Ðức Giê-hô-va.
8:7 Nước nhiều không tưới tắt được ái tình, Các sông chẳng nhận chìm nó được; Nếu người nào đem hết tài sản nhà mình, Ðặng mua lấy ái tình, Ắt người ta sẽ khinh dể nó đến điều.
8:8 Chúng tôi có một em gái nhỏ, chưa có nương long. Phải làm gì cho em gái chúng tôi, Trong ngày người ta hỏi nó?
8:9 Nếu nó là một vách thành, Chúng tôi sẽ xây tháp bạc trên nó; Nếu nó là một cái cửa, Chúng tôi sẽ đóng bít lại bằng ván hương nam.
8:10 Tôi là một tường thành, Hai nương long tôi như những ngọn tháp; Bấy giờ tôi ở trước mắt người như kẻ đã được bình an.
8:11 Sa-lô-môn có một vườn nho tại Ba-anh Ha-môn: Người giao vườn ấy cho kẻ canh giữ, Mỗi người ấy phải đem nộp một ngàn miếng bạc về hoa lợi nó.
8:12 Vườn nho của tôi ở trước mặt tôi. Hỡi Sa-lô-môn, một ngàn miếng bạc sẽ về phần ông, Còn hai trăm về những kẻ giữ hoa lợi nó.
8:13 Hỡi kẻ ở trong vườn, các bạn đều lắng tai nghe tiếng nàng! Xin hãy cho ta nghe tiếng nàng!
8:14 Hỡi lương nhân tôi, hãy vội đến, Khá giống như con hoàng dương hay là như con nai con Ở trên các núi thuốc thơm.
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(<<) Tóm Lược - Nhã Ca (Song of Salomon) 22
Mục đích: Diễn tả tình yêu của chàng rễ (vua Salômôn) và cô dâu, ca ngợi sự thánh hóa của hôn nhân, giống như hình ảnh tình yêu của Đức Chúa Trời dành cho con cái Ngài.
Tác giả: Vua Salômôn
Ngày viết: Khoảng năm 965-960 (B.C.)
Bối Cảnh:
Sách Nhã Ca được viết trong những năm đầu trị vì của vua Salômôn. Bối cảnh là cung vua tại Giêrusalem và những vùng lân cận trên đường đến nhà lương nhân (người yêu). Nhã ca là những bài thơ đặc biệt để diễn tả về tình yêu trai gái và vợ chồng. Có rất nhiều cách để giải nghĩa những câu truyện trong Nhã ca, nhưng ý nghĩa quan trọng là tình yêu của Đức Chúa Trời dành cho con dân Ngài, hay là tình yêu của Đấng Christ dành cho Hội thánh.
Những Điểm Đặt Biệt:
Sách Nhã ca là những bài thơ ca ngợi tình yêu giữa người nam (vua Salômôn) và người nữ (Sulamít, người nữ chăn chiên) (6:13). Đây là những bài thơ tình dưới dạng thi ca để ca ngợi tình yêu chân thật và tưởng nhớ lại những kỷ niệm yêu đương của đôi tình nhân. Sulamít là người nữ làm việc tại vường nho của vua Salômôn. Một ngày kia vua thăm viếng vường nho và hai người yêu nhau, vua cưới nàng và đem về cung tại Giêrusalem. Nhã ca diễn tả về tình yêu trai gái trên mọi khía cạnh: như: đam mê, nhớ thương, tương tư, sắc dục, mong chờ, hạnh phúc, .... chia cách, ghen tương, tha thứ, ... đều được nhắc đến nhưng cuối cùng thì tình yêu chân thật vẫn thắng hơn tất cả.
Câu gốc: Nhã Ca 6:3
Tôi thuộc về lương nhân tôi, Và lương nhân tôi thuộc về tôi; Người chăn bầy mình giữa đám hoa huệ.
Đề Tài Chính:
+ 1. Sắc dục và hôn nhân được Chúa tạo dựng nên và ban cho con người để tạo ra một gia đình trong tình yêu thương và hạnh phúc trong phần xác lẫn phần tâm linh. + 2. Tình yêu Đức Chúa Trời dành cho dân sự Ngài, và tình yêu Chúa Jêsus dành cho Hội thánh (nàng dâu), vượt hơn tất cả những tình yêu của con người. + 3. Tình yêu của con người đôi khi bị giới hạn bởi tuổi tác, giai cấp, hoàn cảnh, phong tục, ... nhưng tình yêu của Chúa luôn công bình và vô giới hạn. + 4. Một hôn nhân trong tình yêu chân thật và say đắm, đôi khi nhờ sự thử thách sẽ trở thành mạnh mẽ hơn.
Mục lục:
1. Vua Salômôn và cô gái Sulamít yêu nhau 1:1-3:5
2. Tình yêu dẫn đến hôn nhân 3:6-5:1
3. Chàng rễ và nàng dâu đối diện với những khó khăn đau khổ 5:2-7:9
4. Chàng rễ và nàng dâu sum họp và càng yêu nhau hơn 7:9-8:14
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Nhã Ca của Salômôn
Nhã Ca 1
(Lời bày tỏ tình yêu)
1:1 Nhã ca trong các bài ca, mà Sa-lô-môn đã làm.
1:2 Nguyện người hôn tôi bằng cái hôn của miệng người. Vì ái tình chàng ngon hơn rượu.
1:3 Dầu chàng có mùi thơm tho; Danh chàng thơm như dầu đổ ra; Bởi cớ ấy các gái đồng trinh yêu mến chàng.
1:4 Hãy kéo tôi; chúng tôi sẽ chạy theo chàng, Vua đã dẫn tôi vào phòng Ngài. Chúng tôi sẽ vui mừng và khoái lạc nơi chàng; Chúng tôi sẽ nói đến ái tình chàng hơn rượu. Các gái đồng trinh yêu mến chàng cách chánh trực.
1:5 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, tôi đen, song xinh đẹp, Như các trại Kê-đa, như màn cháng của Sa-lô-môn.
1:6 Chớ dòm xem tôi, bởi vì tôi đen, Mặt trời đã giọi nám tôi. Các con trai của mẹ tôi giận tôi, Ðã đặt tôi coi giữ vườn nho; Còn vườn nho riêng của tôi, tôi không coi giữ.
1:7 Hỡi người mà lòng tôi yêu mến, hãy tỏ cho tôi biết. Chàng chăn bầy ở đâu, Ban trưa cho nó nằm nghỉ tại nơi nào; Vì cớ sao tôi phải như một người nữ che mặt Ở bên bầy của các bạn chàng?
1:8 Hỡi người đẹp hơn hết trong các người nữ, Nếu ngươi chẳng biết, hãy ra theo dấu của bầy, Và chăn các dê con mình gần bên trại kẻ chăn chiên.
1:9 Hỡi bạn tình ta, ta sánh mình như ngựa cái của xe Pha-ra-ôn.
1:10 Ðôi má mình đẹp với đồ trang sức; Cổ mình xinh với hột trân châu.
1:11 Chúng tôi sẽ làm cho mình chuyền vàng có vảy bạc.
1:12 Trong khi vua ngự bàn ăn, Cam tòng hương tôi xông mùi thơm nó ra.
1:13 Lương nhân tôi giống như bó hoa một dược cho tôi. Nằm ở giữa nương long tôi.
1:14 Lương nhân tôi giống như một chùm hoa phụng tiên cho tôi. Trong vườn nho Eân-Ghê-đi.
1:15 Hỡi bạn tình ta, mình thanh lịch thay, mình thanh lịch thay! Con mắt mình như mắt của bò câu.
1:16 Hỡi lương nhân tôi, chàng là xinh tốt; Thật, hợp ý thay! Lại giường của chúng ta xanh xanh.
1:17 Rường nhà chúng ta bằng gổ hương nam; Ván lá mái chúng ta bằng cây tòng.
(<<) Nha Ca 2
(Bạn tình yêu nhau say đắm)
2:1 Ta là hoa tường vi của Sa-rôn, Bông huệ của trũng.
2:2 Bạn tình ta ở giữa đám con gái Như bông huệ ở giữa gai gốc.
2:3 Lương nhân tôi ở giữa đám con trai Như cây bình bát ở giữa những cây rừng. Tôi vui lòng ngồi dưới bóng người; Trái người ngọt ngào cho ổ gà tôi.
2:4 Người đưa tôi vào phòng yến tiệc, Ngọn cờ người phất trên tôi ấy là ái tình.
2:5 Hãy lấy bánh nho nâng đỡ lòng tôi; Dùng trái bình bát bổ sức tôi lại; Vì tôi có bịnh bởi ái tình.
2:6 Tay tả người kê dưới đầu tôi, Còn tay hữu người ôm lấy tôi.
2:7 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi Bởi những con hoàng dương hay là con nai đồng nội, Chớ kinh động, chớ làm tỉnh thức ái tình ta Cho đến khi nó muốn.
2:8 Ấy là tiếng của lương nhân tôi! Kìa, người đến, nhảy qua các núi, Vượt qua các gò.
2:9 Lương nhân tôi giống như con hoàng dương hay là con nai tơ. Kìa, người đứng sau tường chúng tôi, Xem ngang qua cửa sổ, Ngó ngang qua chấn song.
2:10 Lương nhân tôi nói chuyện với tôi rằng: Hỡi bạn tình ta, người đẹp của ta ơi, hãy chổi dậy và đến.
2:11 Vì kìa, mùa đông đã qua, Mưa đã dứt hết rồi;
2:12 Bóng hoa nở ra trên đất; Mùa hát xướng đã đến nơi, Và tiếng chim cu nghe trong xứ;
2:13 Cây vả đang chín trái xanh tươi của nó, Và nho trổ hoa nức mùi hương. Hỡi bạn tình ta, người đẹp của ta ơi, hãy chổi dậy và đến.
2:14 Hỡi chim bò câu ta trong hóc đá, Tại chốn đụt của nơi hê hẩm, Hãy tỏ cho ta xem mặt mũi mình, Cho ta nghe tiếng mình; Vì tiếng mình êm dịu. mặt mũi mình có duyên.
2:15 Hãy bắt cho chúng tôi những con chồn, Những con chồn nhỏ phá hại vườn nho; Vì vườn nho chúng tôi đang trổ bông.
2:16 Lương nhân tôi thuộc về tôi, và tôi thuộc về người; Người chăn bầy mình giữa đám bông huệ,
2:17 Cho đến hừng đông lố ra, Và bóng tối tan đi. Hỡi lương nhân tôi, hãy trở về, Khá giống như con hoàng dương hay là con nai tơ Trên hòn núi Bê-thẹt.
(<<) Nha Ca 3
(Tìm kiếm người bạn tình)
3:1 Ban đêm tại trên giường mình, tôi tình người mà lòng tôi yêu dấu, Tôi tìm kiếm người mà không gặp.
3:2 Tôi nói: Ta sẽ chổi dậy bây giờ, dạo quanh thành, Trải qua các đường phố, các ngã ba, Ðặng tìm người mà lòng tôi yêu dấu. Tôi Tìm kiếm người, nhưng không gặp.
3:3 những kẻ canh tuần vòng quanh thành có gặp tôi. Tôi hỏi rằng: Các ngươi có thấy người mà lòng ta yêu mến chăng!
3:4 Tôi vừa đi khỏi chúng xa xa, Thì gặp người mà lòng tôi yêu mến; Bèn nắm lấy người, không khứng buông ra, Cho đến khi đưa người về nhà mẹ tôi, Vào phòng của người đã thai dựng tôi.
3:5 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi bởi những hoàng dương hay là con nai đồng nội, Chớ kinh động, chớ làm tỉnh thức ái tình ta Cho đến khi nó muốn.
3:6 người kia là ai, ở từ đồng vắng đi lên, Giống như trụ khói, xông một dược và nhũ hương, với đủ thứ hương của con buôn?
3:7 Kìa, kiệu của Sa-lô-môn, Có sáu mươi dõng sĩ trong bọn dõng sĩ Y-sơ-ra-ên Vây chung quanh nó;
3:8 Thảy đều cầm gươm và thạo đánh giặc; Ai nấy đều có gươm ở nơi đùi mình, Vì sợ hãi ban đêm.
3:9 Vua Sa-lô-môn làm cho mình một cái kiệu bằng gỗ Li-ban.
3:10 Người làm các trụ nó bằng bạc, Nơi dựa lưng bằng vàng, Chỗ ngồi bằng vật màu điều, Còn ở giữa lót bằng ái tình của các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem.
3:11 Hỡi các con gái Si-ôn, hãy ra xem vua Sa-lô-môn Ðội mão triều thiên mà mẹ người đã đội trên đầu người Trong ngày định thân, trong ngày lòng người vui vẻ.
(<<) Nha Ca 4
(Khen người yêu đẹp đẽ)
4:1 Hỡi bạn tình ta, nầy mình đẹp đẽ thay, mình đẹp đẽ thay! Mắt mình trong lúp giống như mắt bò câu; Tóc mình khác nào bầy dê nằm nơi triền núi Ga-la-át.
4:2 Răng mình như thể bầy chiên mới hớt lông, Từ ao tắm rửa đi lên, Thảy đều sanh đôi, không một con nào son sẻ.
4:3 Môi mình tợ sợi chỉ hồng, Miệng mình có duyên thay; Má mình trong lúp tợ như nửa quả lựu.
4:4 Cổ mình như tháp Ða-vít, xây cất để treo binh khí; Ngàn cái khiên treo tại đó, là các cái khiên của tay anh hùng.
4:5 Hai nương long mình như cặp con sanh đôi của hoàng dương, Thả ăn giữa đám hoa huệ.
4:6 Ta sẽ đi lên núi một dược, Ðến đồi nhũ hương, Ở cho đến khi hừng đông lố ra, Và bóng tối tan đi.
4:7 Hỡi bạn ta, mình vốn xinh đẹp mọi bề, Nơi mình chẳng có tì vít gì cả.
4:8 Hỡi tân phụ ta, hãy cùng ta đến từ Li-ban, Hãy cùng ta đến từ Li-ban; Khá nhìn xem từ chót A-ma-na, Từ đỉnh Sa-nia và Hẹt-môn, Từ hang sư tử, Từ núi con beo.
4:9 Hỡi em gái ta, tân phụ ta ơi, mình đã cướp lấy lòng ta, Vì một cái liếc mắt, vì một vòng trân châu nơi cổ mình, mình đã cướp lấy lòng ta.
4:10 Hỡi em gái ta, tân phụ ta ơi, ái tình mình đẹp là dường nào! ái tình mình ngon hơn rượu, Và mùi thơm của dầu mình tốt hơn các thức hương!
4:11 Hỡi tân phụ ta, môi mình nhỏ mật ong xuống, Dưới lưỡi mình có mật ong và sữa; Hơi thơm của quần áo mình như hơi thơm của Li-ban.
4:12 Em gái ta, tân phụ ta là vườn đóng kín, Là nguồn nước khóa lại, là suối niêm phong.
4:13 Ðám cây mình là vườn địa đàng, Có thạch lựu và trái ngon, Hoa phụng tiên và cây Cam tòng.
4:14 Cam tòng và hồng hoa, xương bồ và nhục quế, Cùng mọi thức cây có mùi thơm, Một dược, lư hội với các hương liệu có danh.
4:15 Mình là mạch nước trong vườn, Là giếng nước sống, là dòng nước chảy từ Li-ban!
4:16 Hỡi gió bắc, hãy nổi dậy, hỡi gió nam, hãy thổi đến; Hãy thổi trong vườn tôi, hầu cho các mùi thơm nó bay ra! Nguyện lương nhân tôi vào trong vườn người, Và ăn các trái ngon ngọt của người!
(<<) Nha Ca 5
5:1 Hỡi em gái ta, tân phụ ta ơi, ta đã vào trong vườn ta rồi! Ta có hái một dược và hương liệu ta, Ăn tàng mật ong với mật ong ta, Uống rượu với sữa ta. Hỡi các bạn, hãy ăn: hỡi các ái hữu, khá uống cho nhiều!
(Không gặp được bạn tình)
5:2 Tôi ngủ, nhưng lòng tôi tỉnh thức. Ấy là tiếng của lương nhân tôi gõ cửa, mà rằng: Hỡi em gái ta, bạn tình ta, chim bò câu ta, kẻ toàn hảo của ta ơi, hãy mở cửa cho ta! Vì đầu ta đầy sương móc, Lọn tóc ta thấm giọt ban đêm.
5:3 Tôi đã cổi áo ngoài rồi, làm sao mặc nó lại? Tôi đã rửa chân rồi, lẽ nào làm lấm lại?
5:4 Lương nhân tôi thò tay vào lỗ cửa, Lòng dạ tôi cảm động vì cớ người.
5:5 Tôi bèn chổi dậy đặng mở cửa cho lương nhân tôi; Tay tôi nhỏ giọt một dược, Và ngón tay tôi chảy một dược ròng trên nạm chốt cửa.
5:6 Tôi mở cửa cho lương nhân tôi, Nhưng người đã lánh đi khỏi rồi. Ðang khi người nói lòng tôi mất vía. Tôi tìm kiếm người, nhưng không có gặp; Tôi gọi người, song người chẳng đáp.
5:7 Kẻ canh tuần quanh thành gặp tôi, Ðánh tôi, và làm tôi bị thương; Các kẻ canh giữ vách thành cất lấy lúp khỏi tôi.
5:8 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi, Nếu gặp lương nhân ta, khá nói với người rằng Ta có bịnh vì ái tình.
(Khen người yêu xinh đẹp)
5:9 Hỡi người xinh đẹp hơn hết trong các người nữ, lương nhân của chị có gì hơn lương nhân khác? Lương nhân của chị có gì hơn lương nhân khác? Mà chị ép nài chúng tôi dường ấy?
5:10 Lương nhân tôi trắng và đỏ, Ðệ nhất trong muôn người.
5:11 Ðầu người bằng vàng thật ròng; Lọn tóc người quăn, và đen như quạ.
5:12 Mắt người như chim bò câu gần suối nước, Tắm sạch trong sửa, được nhận khảm kỹ càng.
5:13 Gò má người như vuông đất hương hoa, Tợ khóm cỏ thơm ngát; Môi người tỉ như hoa huệ ướm chảy một dược ròng.
5:14 Tay người như ống tròn vàng có nhận hu"nh ngọc: Thân mình người khác nào ngà bóng láng cẩn ngọc xanh.
5:15 Hai chân người giống trụ cẩm thạch trắng, Ðể trên táng vàng ròng; Tướng mạo người tợ như núi Li-ban, xinh tốt như cây hương nam,
5:16 Miệng người rất êm dịu; Thật, toàn thể cách người đáng yêu đương. Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, lương nhân tôi như vậy, Bạn tình tôi dường ấy!
(<<) Nha Ca 6
6:1 Hỡi người xinh đẹp hơn hết trong các người nữ, lương nhân của chị đi đâu? Lương nhân của chị xây về hướng nào? Chúng tôi sẽ cùng đi tìm người với chị.
6:2 Lương nhân tôi đi xuống vườn người, Nơi vuông đất hương hoa, Ðặng chăn trong vườn, Và bẻ hoa huệ.
6:3 Tôi thuộc về lương nhân tôi, Và lương nhân tôi thuộc về tôi; Người chăn bầy mình giữa đám hoa huệ.
(Khen bạn tình xinh đẹp)
6:4 Hỡi bạn tình ta, mình xinh đẹp như Thiệt sa, Có duyên như Giê-ru-sa-lem, Ðáng sợ khác nào đạo quân giương cờ xí.
6:5 Hãy xây mắt mình khỏi ta, Vì nó làm cho ta bối rối. Tóc mình khác nào đoàn dê trên triền núi Ga-la-át;
6:6 Răng mình như bầy chiên cái, Từ nơi tắm rửa mới lên; Thảy đều sanh đôi, Không một con nào son sẻ.
6:7 Má mình trong lúp tợ một nửa quả lựu.
6:8 Có sáu mươi hoàng hậu, tám mươi cung phi, Và nhiều vô số con đòi:
6:9 Chim bò câu ta, người toàn hảo ta Vốn là có một, con một của mẹ mình. Kẻ kén chọn của người đã sanh đẻ mình. Các con gái đều thấy nàng, và xưng nàng có phước. Ðến đỗi những hoàng hậu và cung phi cũng đều khen ngợi nàng.
6:10 Người nữ nầy là ai, hiện ra như rạng đông, Ðẹp như mặt trăng, tinh sạch như mặt trời, Ðáng sợ khác nào đạo quân giương cờ xí?
6:11 Tôi đi xuống vườn hạch đào, Ðặng xem cây cỏ xanh tươi của trũng, Ðặng thử coi vườn nho đã nứt đọt, thạch lựu đã nở hoa chưa.
6:12 Không ngờ, lòng tôi dẫn dắt tôi Trên các xe của dân sự tôi có tình nguyện.
6:13 Hỡi Su-la-mít, hãy trở về, hãy trở về! Khá trở về, trở về, hầu cho chúng tôi xem thấy người. Vì sao các ngươi muốn thấy người Su-la-mít, Như thấy sự nhảy múa của Ma-ha-na-im?
(<<) Nha Ca 7
7:1 Hỡi công chúa, chân nàng mang giày, xinh đẹp biết bao! Vòng vế nàng khác nào một trân châu, Công việc của tay thợ khéo làm.
7:2 Rún nàng giống như cái ly tròn, Rượu thơm không có thiếu. Bụng nàng dường một đống lúa mạch, Có hoa huệ sắp đặt tứ vi.
7:3 Hai nương long nàng như hai con Sanh đôi của con hoàng dương.
7:4 Cổ nàng như một cái tháp ngà. Mắt nàng khác nào các ao tại Hết-bôn Ở bên cửa Bát-Ra-bim; Mũi nàng như ngọn tháp Li-ban Ngó về hướng Ða-mách.
7:5 Ðầu ở trên mình nàng khác nào núi Cạt-mên, Và tóc đầu nàng như sắc tía; Một vì vua bị lọn tóc nàng vấn vít.
7:6 Hỡi ái tình ta, mình xinh đẹp thay, Hạp ý dường bao, khiến cho người ta được khoái chí!
7:7 Hình dung mình giống như cây chà là, Và nương long mình tợ chùm nó.
7:8 Ta nói rằng: Ta sẽ trèo lên cây chà là, Vin lấy các tàu nó; Nguyên hai nương long mình như chùm nho, Mùi thơm mũi mình như trái bình bát,
7:9 Và ổ gà mình như rượu ngon. Chảy vào dễ dàng cho lương nhân tôi, Và tuôn nơi môi kẻ nào ngủ.
(Lời hứa hẹn với bạn tình)
7:10 Tôi thuộc về lương nhân tôi, Sự ước ao người hướng về tôi.
7:11 Hỡi lương nhân tôi, hãy đến, chúng ta sẽ đi ra ngoài đồng, Ở đêm nơi hương thôn.
7:12 Vừa sớm mai, chúng ta sẽ thức dậy, Ði đến vườn nho, đặng xem thử nho có nứt đọt, Hoa có trổ, thạch lựu có nở bông chăng: Tại đó tôi sẽ tỏ ái tình tôi cho chàng.
7:13 Trái phong già xông mùi thơm nó; Và tại cửa chúng ta có những thứ trái ngon mới và cũ; Hỡi lương nhân tôi, tôi đã để dành trái ấy cho chàng!
(<<) Nha Ca 8
8:1 Ồ! chớ chi chàng làm anh em tôi, Kẻ đã bú mớm vú của mẹ tôi! Nếu tôi gặp chàng ở ngoài, Ắt tôi sẽ hôn chàng, không ai khinh bỉ tôi được.
8:2 Tôi sẽ dẫn chàng vào nhà mẹ tôi; Tại đó chàng sẽ dạy dỗ tôi; Tôi sẽ cho chàng uống rượu thơm, Nước ngọt của trái thạch lựu tôi.
8:3 Tay tả người sẽ kê dưới đầu tôi, Còn tay hữu người ôm lấy tôi.
8:4 Hỡi các con gái Giê-ru-sa-lem, ta ép nài các ngươi, Chớ kinh động, chớ làm tỉnh thức ái tình ta Cho đến khi nó muốn.
8:5 Người nữ nầy là ai, từ đồng vắng đi lên, Nương dựa lương nhân của nàng? Ta đã đánh thức mình tại dưới cây bình bát: Ở đó mẹ bị đau đớn mà sanh mình ra, Ở đó người mà đã sanh đẻ mình bị cơn lao khổ.
8:6 Hãy để tôi như một cái ấn nơi lòng chàng, Như một cái ấn trên cánh tay chàng; Vì ái tình mạnh như sự chết, Lòng ghen hung dữ như âm phủ; Sự nóng nó là sự nóng của lửa, Thật một ngọn lửa của Ðức Giê-hô-va.
8:7 Nước nhiều không tưới tắt được ái tình, Các sông chẳng nhận chìm nó được; Nếu người nào đem hết tài sản nhà mình, Ðặng mua lấy ái tình, Ắt người ta sẽ khinh dể nó đến điều.
8:8 Chúng tôi có một em gái nhỏ, chưa có nương long. Phải làm gì cho em gái chúng tôi, Trong ngày người ta hỏi nó?
8:9 Nếu nó là một vách thành, Chúng tôi sẽ xây tháp bạc trên nó; Nếu nó là một cái cửa, Chúng tôi sẽ đóng bít lại bằng ván hương nam.
8:10 Tôi là một tường thành, Hai nương long tôi như những ngọn tháp; Bấy giờ tôi ở trước mắt người như kẻ đã được bình an.
8:11 Sa-lô-môn có một vườn nho tại Ba-anh Ha-môn: Người giao vườn ấy cho kẻ canh giữ, Mỗi người ấy phải đem nộp một ngàn miếng bạc về hoa lợi nó.
8:12 Vườn nho của tôi ở trước mặt tôi. Hỡi Sa-lô-môn, một ngàn miếng bạc sẽ về phần ông, Còn hai trăm về những kẻ giữ hoa lợi nó.
8:13 Hỡi kẻ ở trong vườn, các bạn đều lắng tai nghe tiếng nàng! Xin hãy cho ta nghe tiếng nàng!
8:14 Hỡi lương nhân tôi, hãy vội đến, Khá giống như con hoàng dương hay là như con nai con Ở trên các núi thuốc thơm.
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(<<) Tóm Lược - Nhã Ca (Song of Salomon) 22
Mục đích: Diễn tả tình yêu của chàng rễ (vua Salômôn) và cô dâu, ca ngợi sự thánh hóa của hôn nhân, giống như hình ảnh tình yêu của Đức Chúa Trời dành cho con cái Ngài.
Tác giả: Vua Salômôn
Ngày viết: Khoảng năm 965-960 (B.C.)
Bối Cảnh:
Sách Nhã Ca được viết trong những năm đầu trị vì của vua Salômôn. Bối cảnh là cung vua tại Giêrusalem và những vùng lân cận trên đường đến nhà lương nhân (người yêu). Nhã ca là những bài thơ đặc biệt để diễn tả về tình yêu trai gái và vợ chồng. Có rất nhiều cách để giải nghĩa những câu truyện trong Nhã ca, nhưng ý nghĩa quan trọng là tình yêu của Đức Chúa Trời dành cho con dân Ngài, hay là tình yêu của Đấng Christ dành cho Hội thánh.
Những Điểm Đặt Biệt:
Sách Nhã ca là những bài thơ ca ngợi tình yêu giữa người nam (vua Salômôn) và người nữ (Sulamít, người nữ chăn chiên) (6:13). Đây là những bài thơ tình dưới dạng thi ca để ca ngợi tình yêu chân thật và tưởng nhớ lại những kỷ niệm yêu đương của đôi tình nhân. Sulamít là người nữ làm việc tại vường nho của vua Salômôn. Một ngày kia vua thăm viếng vường nho và hai người yêu nhau, vua cưới nàng và đem về cung tại Giêrusalem. Nhã ca diễn tả về tình yêu trai gái trên mọi khía cạnh: như: đam mê, nhớ thương, tương tư, sắc dục, mong chờ, hạnh phúc, .... chia cách, ghen tương, tha thứ, ... đều được nhắc đến nhưng cuối cùng thì tình yêu chân thật vẫn thắng hơn tất cả.
Câu gốc: Nhã Ca 6:3
Tôi thuộc về lương nhân tôi, Và lương nhân tôi thuộc về tôi; Người chăn bầy mình giữa đám hoa huệ.
Đề Tài Chính:
+ 1. Sắc dục và hôn nhân được Chúa tạo dựng nên và ban cho con người để tạo ra một gia đình trong tình yêu thương và hạnh phúc trong phần xác lẫn phần tâm linh. + 2. Tình yêu Đức Chúa Trời dành cho dân sự Ngài, và tình yêu Chúa Jêsus dành cho Hội thánh (nàng dâu), vượt hơn tất cả những tình yêu của con người. + 3. Tình yêu của con người đôi khi bị giới hạn bởi tuổi tác, giai cấp, hoàn cảnh, phong tục, ... nhưng tình yêu của Chúa luôn công bình và vô giới hạn. + 4. Một hôn nhân trong tình yêu chân thật và say đắm, đôi khi nhờ sự thử thách sẽ trở thành mạnh mẽ hơn.
Mục lục:
1. Vua Salômôn và cô gái Sulamít yêu nhau 1:1-3:5
2. Tình yêu dẫn đến hôn nhân 3:6-5:1
3. Chàng rễ và nàng dâu đối diện với những khó khăn đau khổ 5:2-7:9
4. Chàng rễ và nàng dâu sum họp và càng yêu nhau hơn 7:9-8:14
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Bùi Văn Phú - Dưới Biển Đông là những mỏ vàng đen
Bùi Văn Phú - Dưới Biển Đông là những mỏ vàng đen [đối thoại]
15/7/2011
Cuối thập niên 1970 dân Mỹ đã phải xếp hàng để mua xăng khi khủng hoảng năng lượng xảy ra. Là nước cần dầu hoả để phát triển nên những can dự của Hoa Kỳ vào những khu vực nhiều mỏ dầu cũng không ra ngoài chủ đích kiểm soát lượng dầu hoả cung ứng cho nhu cầu tiêu thụ của Mỹ và cả thế giới.
Các nước ngày nay đều cần “vàng đen” cho việc phát triển và nguồn năng lượng này đã là nguyên do gây chiến tranh ở nhiều nơi từ Trung Đông, châu Phi đến Đông Á. Tranh chấp lãnh hải ở Hoàng Sa Trường Sa trong vài thập niên qua cũng là vì dầu hoả. Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Việt Nam, Trung Quốc, Đài Loan nhiều khi đã phải nổ súng và đổ máu để kiểm soát các hòn đảo với diện tích rất nhỏ trong vùng Biển Đông, nhưng ngầm dưới đó là những túi dầu khổng lồ.
Năm 1974 Trung Quốc đem quân xuống chiếm Hoàng Sa chỉ ít lâu trước khi cuộc chiến giữa hai miền Việt Nam chấm dứt. Đây là thời điểm ngay sau khi các công ti dầu khí quốc tế công bố đã tìm thấy dầu hoả tại thềm lục điạ Việt Nam Cộng hoà.
Năm 1988 Trung Quốc đem tàu chiến xuống đánh chiếm một số đảo của Trường Sa. Trong hai trận chiến Hoàng Sa dưới thời Việt Nam Cộng hoà và Trường Sa thời Cộng hoà Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, cả trăm binh lính Việt đã hy sinh nhưng không giữ được biển đảo quê hương.
Trung Quốc đang đi tìm nguồn dầu hỏa ở nhiều nơi, trong đó có việc lấn biển của Việt Nam và Philippines vì giá xăng dầu đã lên quá cao và nước này ngày càng lệ thuộc vào lượng dầu nhập cảng nhiều hơn để tăng tốc phát triển kinh tế. Theo số liệu của U.S. Energy Information Administration (www.eia.doe.gov), tức Cơ quan Thông tin Năng lượng Hoa Kỳ, từ sau năm 1993 mức tiêu thụ dầu hoả của Trung Quốc đã lên cao hơn mức sản xuất và từ đó đến nay chênh lệch này ngày một tăng. Năm 2006 Trung Quốc sản xuất trung bình 3 triệu 800 nghìn thùng dầu mỗi ngày, trong khi nhu cầu tiêu thụ lên đến 7 triệu 400 nghìn thùng, gần gấp đôi mức sản xuất. Hiện nay mức tăng tiêu thụ dầu của Trung Quốc chiếm hơn một phần ba tổng số gia tăng của thế giới.
Là quốc gia đông dân nhất thế giới với 1 tỉ 300 triệu người, đang trên đường hiện đại hoá công nghiệp, với tầng lớp trung lưu sẽ có xe ô-tô để di chuyển thì nhu cầu tiêu dung xăng dầu của Trung Quốc ngày càng cao nên lãnh đạo Bắc Kinh không thể không nghĩ đến việc tìm nhiên liệu. Một ước lượng của Trung Quốc cho biết Biển Đông có lượng dự trữ dầu khoảng 213 tỉ thùng. Nhưng theo cơ quan E.I.A của Hoa Kỳ là 28 tỉ thùng. Cũng theo một con số của người Hoa đưa ra thì Hoàng Sa Trường Sa có lượng dự trữ 105 tỉ thùng.
Trong những năm gần đây việc khai thác dầu trong Biển Đông, đặc biệt là những dự án của Việt Nam thường bị Trung Quốc làm khó dễ bằng cách cảnh cáo những công ti dầu khí không được hợp tác khai thác với Việt Nam nếu không muốn mất thị trường ở Trung Quốc. British Petroleum và ConocoPhillips đã phải ngưng tìm kiếm và khoan giếng ngoài khơi bờ biển Việt Nam là những dự án trị giá đến 2 tỉ Mỹ-kim.
Việc giành chủ quyền ở Hoàng Sa Trường Sa kéo dài đã lâu và các nước trong vùng không muốn dùng chiến tranh để giải quyết. Dù những tranh chấp có lúc nóng lên nhưng chiến tranh toàn diện sẽ khó xảy ra trong tình hình kinh tế mang tính toàn cầu và nhiều quốc gia đã lệ thuộc quá nhiều vào nhau, từ quan hệ Mỹ-Trung đến Việt-Trung, Phi-Trung.
Hiện tại Trung Quốc ỷ thế nước lớn chỉ muốn đàm phán song phương với từng nước để giải quyết tranh chấp, theo cách chia để trị. Nhưng nếu Việt Nam và Philippines cùng với khối ASEAN nhờ quốc tế giải quyết để có sự ổn định trong khu vực thì sẽ có lợi hơn, vì khi có ổn định những công ti tìm kiếm và khai thác dầu hoả, phần lớn là của Hoa Kỳ, Anh và Pháp sẽ đầu tư nhiều hơn và nguồn lợi về dầu hỏa sẽ giúp các đồng minh của Hoa Kỳ trong vùng như Nhật, Nam Hàn bớt lệ thuộc vào OPEC.
Hơn một thập niên qua tình hình tranh chấp trong khu vực trở nên căng thẳng. Riêng với Việt Nam, nước láng giềng của Trung Quốc thì đã có những thương thuyết và kí các hiệp định về biên giới nhưng không phổ biến ra công chúng. Một số người Việt như Lê Chí Quang, Nguyễn Vũ Bình lên tiếng báo động về hiểm họa Bắc triều đã bị giam tù nhiều năm.
Từ năm 2007 đã có những cuộc biểu tình của dân Việt phản đối Trung Quốc, nhưng bị dập tắt ngay và nhiều người bị bắt và hiện còn bị giam là Điếu cày Nguyễn Văn Hải, Phạm Thanh Nghiên, Anh Ba Saigon Phan Thanh Hải.
Gần đây Trung Quốc lại tuyên bố chủ quyền trên vùng biển phía nam, bao trùm gần như cả biển Đông của Việt Nam mà một số người Việt gọi là đường lưỡi bò hay chữ U. Tàu của Trung Quốc đã gây hấn mạnh hơn với việc cắt dây cáp tàu thăm dò dầu khí và bắn vào thuyền đánh cá của ngư dân Việt trong đặc khu kinh tế của Việt Nam. Các động thái trên đã khiến dân Việt xuống đường biểu tình trong nhiều ngày Chủ nhật kể từ 5-6.
Mới đây một số nhân sĩ và trí thức như Thiếu tướng Nguyễn Trọng Vĩnh, các giáo sư Hoàng Tụy, Nguyễn Huệ Chi, Tương Lai, Chu Hảo, nhà nghiên cứu Nguyễn Đình Đầu, Tiến sĩ Nguyễn Xuân Diện, nhà văn Nguyên Ngọc, chuyên gia kinh tế Vũ Thành Tự Anh, Thiền sư Lê Mạnh Thát, Linh mục Huỳnh Công Minh, Luật sư Trần Quốc Thuận, các ông Hồ Uy Liêm, Lê Hiếu Đằng, bà Phạm Lan Chi v.v… đã kiến nghị Quốc hội và Bộ chính trị về “Bảo vệ và phát triển đất nước” với yêu cầu cho dân biết rõ tình hình quan hệ Việt-Trung hiện nay, về chủ quyền của Việt Nam trong các vùng quần đảo Hoàng Sa, Trường Sa và đòi hỏi cải cách chính trị để đưa đất nước ra khỏi tình trạng bị lệ thuộc vào Trung Quốc.
Sự kiện chủ quyền đất nước Việt Nam liên tục bị xâm phạm đã làm lòng dân sôi sục lên những phản đối chính sách bá quyền của Trung Quốc qua nhiều lần biểu tình ở Hà Nội, Sài Gòn vào các ngày Chủ nhật vừa qua.
Phản đối Trung Quốc không có nghĩa là Việt Nam muốn chiến tranh. Đã kinh qua nhiều cuộc chiến, người dân Việt chắc không ai muốn phải hy sinh xương máu nữa. Nhưng nếu lãnh đạo Việt Nam muốn giải quyết những tranh chấp trong tinh thần hoà bình, bình đẳng, theo Công ước biển của Liên hiệp quốc dù là song phương, đa phương, trước Liên hiệp quốc hay trước Toà án Quốc tế thì lãnh đạo cũng cần phải có sức mạnh của lòng dân để dựa vào.
Source : Tiền Vệ
15/7/2011
Cuối thập niên 1970 dân Mỹ đã phải xếp hàng để mua xăng khi khủng hoảng năng lượng xảy ra. Là nước cần dầu hoả để phát triển nên những can dự của Hoa Kỳ vào những khu vực nhiều mỏ dầu cũng không ra ngoài chủ đích kiểm soát lượng dầu hoả cung ứng cho nhu cầu tiêu thụ của Mỹ và cả thế giới.
Các nước ngày nay đều cần “vàng đen” cho việc phát triển và nguồn năng lượng này đã là nguyên do gây chiến tranh ở nhiều nơi từ Trung Đông, châu Phi đến Đông Á. Tranh chấp lãnh hải ở Hoàng Sa Trường Sa trong vài thập niên qua cũng là vì dầu hoả. Philippines, Brunei, Malaysia, Việt Nam, Trung Quốc, Đài Loan nhiều khi đã phải nổ súng và đổ máu để kiểm soát các hòn đảo với diện tích rất nhỏ trong vùng Biển Đông, nhưng ngầm dưới đó là những túi dầu khổng lồ.
Năm 1974 Trung Quốc đem quân xuống chiếm Hoàng Sa chỉ ít lâu trước khi cuộc chiến giữa hai miền Việt Nam chấm dứt. Đây là thời điểm ngay sau khi các công ti dầu khí quốc tế công bố đã tìm thấy dầu hoả tại thềm lục điạ Việt Nam Cộng hoà.
Năm 1988 Trung Quốc đem tàu chiến xuống đánh chiếm một số đảo của Trường Sa. Trong hai trận chiến Hoàng Sa dưới thời Việt Nam Cộng hoà và Trường Sa thời Cộng hoà Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam, cả trăm binh lính Việt đã hy sinh nhưng không giữ được biển đảo quê hương.
Trung Quốc đang đi tìm nguồn dầu hỏa ở nhiều nơi, trong đó có việc lấn biển của Việt Nam và Philippines vì giá xăng dầu đã lên quá cao và nước này ngày càng lệ thuộc vào lượng dầu nhập cảng nhiều hơn để tăng tốc phát triển kinh tế. Theo số liệu của U.S. Energy Information Administration (www.eia.doe.gov), tức Cơ quan Thông tin Năng lượng Hoa Kỳ, từ sau năm 1993 mức tiêu thụ dầu hoả của Trung Quốc đã lên cao hơn mức sản xuất và từ đó đến nay chênh lệch này ngày một tăng. Năm 2006 Trung Quốc sản xuất trung bình 3 triệu 800 nghìn thùng dầu mỗi ngày, trong khi nhu cầu tiêu thụ lên đến 7 triệu 400 nghìn thùng, gần gấp đôi mức sản xuất. Hiện nay mức tăng tiêu thụ dầu của Trung Quốc chiếm hơn một phần ba tổng số gia tăng của thế giới.
Là quốc gia đông dân nhất thế giới với 1 tỉ 300 triệu người, đang trên đường hiện đại hoá công nghiệp, với tầng lớp trung lưu sẽ có xe ô-tô để di chuyển thì nhu cầu tiêu dung xăng dầu của Trung Quốc ngày càng cao nên lãnh đạo Bắc Kinh không thể không nghĩ đến việc tìm nhiên liệu. Một ước lượng của Trung Quốc cho biết Biển Đông có lượng dự trữ dầu khoảng 213 tỉ thùng. Nhưng theo cơ quan E.I.A của Hoa Kỳ là 28 tỉ thùng. Cũng theo một con số của người Hoa đưa ra thì Hoàng Sa Trường Sa có lượng dự trữ 105 tỉ thùng.
Trong những năm gần đây việc khai thác dầu trong Biển Đông, đặc biệt là những dự án của Việt Nam thường bị Trung Quốc làm khó dễ bằng cách cảnh cáo những công ti dầu khí không được hợp tác khai thác với Việt Nam nếu không muốn mất thị trường ở Trung Quốc. British Petroleum và ConocoPhillips đã phải ngưng tìm kiếm và khoan giếng ngoài khơi bờ biển Việt Nam là những dự án trị giá đến 2 tỉ Mỹ-kim.
Việc giành chủ quyền ở Hoàng Sa Trường Sa kéo dài đã lâu và các nước trong vùng không muốn dùng chiến tranh để giải quyết. Dù những tranh chấp có lúc nóng lên nhưng chiến tranh toàn diện sẽ khó xảy ra trong tình hình kinh tế mang tính toàn cầu và nhiều quốc gia đã lệ thuộc quá nhiều vào nhau, từ quan hệ Mỹ-Trung đến Việt-Trung, Phi-Trung.
Hiện tại Trung Quốc ỷ thế nước lớn chỉ muốn đàm phán song phương với từng nước để giải quyết tranh chấp, theo cách chia để trị. Nhưng nếu Việt Nam và Philippines cùng với khối ASEAN nhờ quốc tế giải quyết để có sự ổn định trong khu vực thì sẽ có lợi hơn, vì khi có ổn định những công ti tìm kiếm và khai thác dầu hoả, phần lớn là của Hoa Kỳ, Anh và Pháp sẽ đầu tư nhiều hơn và nguồn lợi về dầu hỏa sẽ giúp các đồng minh của Hoa Kỳ trong vùng như Nhật, Nam Hàn bớt lệ thuộc vào OPEC.
Hơn một thập niên qua tình hình tranh chấp trong khu vực trở nên căng thẳng. Riêng với Việt Nam, nước láng giềng của Trung Quốc thì đã có những thương thuyết và kí các hiệp định về biên giới nhưng không phổ biến ra công chúng. Một số người Việt như Lê Chí Quang, Nguyễn Vũ Bình lên tiếng báo động về hiểm họa Bắc triều đã bị giam tù nhiều năm.
Từ năm 2007 đã có những cuộc biểu tình của dân Việt phản đối Trung Quốc, nhưng bị dập tắt ngay và nhiều người bị bắt và hiện còn bị giam là Điếu cày Nguyễn Văn Hải, Phạm Thanh Nghiên, Anh Ba Saigon Phan Thanh Hải.
Gần đây Trung Quốc lại tuyên bố chủ quyền trên vùng biển phía nam, bao trùm gần như cả biển Đông của Việt Nam mà một số người Việt gọi là đường lưỡi bò hay chữ U. Tàu của Trung Quốc đã gây hấn mạnh hơn với việc cắt dây cáp tàu thăm dò dầu khí và bắn vào thuyền đánh cá của ngư dân Việt trong đặc khu kinh tế của Việt Nam. Các động thái trên đã khiến dân Việt xuống đường biểu tình trong nhiều ngày Chủ nhật kể từ 5-6.
Mới đây một số nhân sĩ và trí thức như Thiếu tướng Nguyễn Trọng Vĩnh, các giáo sư Hoàng Tụy, Nguyễn Huệ Chi, Tương Lai, Chu Hảo, nhà nghiên cứu Nguyễn Đình Đầu, Tiến sĩ Nguyễn Xuân Diện, nhà văn Nguyên Ngọc, chuyên gia kinh tế Vũ Thành Tự Anh, Thiền sư Lê Mạnh Thát, Linh mục Huỳnh Công Minh, Luật sư Trần Quốc Thuận, các ông Hồ Uy Liêm, Lê Hiếu Đằng, bà Phạm Lan Chi v.v… đã kiến nghị Quốc hội và Bộ chính trị về “Bảo vệ và phát triển đất nước” với yêu cầu cho dân biết rõ tình hình quan hệ Việt-Trung hiện nay, về chủ quyền của Việt Nam trong các vùng quần đảo Hoàng Sa, Trường Sa và đòi hỏi cải cách chính trị để đưa đất nước ra khỏi tình trạng bị lệ thuộc vào Trung Quốc.
Sự kiện chủ quyền đất nước Việt Nam liên tục bị xâm phạm đã làm lòng dân sôi sục lên những phản đối chính sách bá quyền của Trung Quốc qua nhiều lần biểu tình ở Hà Nội, Sài Gòn vào các ngày Chủ nhật vừa qua.
Phản đối Trung Quốc không có nghĩa là Việt Nam muốn chiến tranh. Đã kinh qua nhiều cuộc chiến, người dân Việt chắc không ai muốn phải hy sinh xương máu nữa. Nhưng nếu lãnh đạo Việt Nam muốn giải quyết những tranh chấp trong tinh thần hoà bình, bình đẳng, theo Công ước biển của Liên hiệp quốc dù là song phương, đa phương, trước Liên hiệp quốc hay trước Toà án Quốc tế thì lãnh đạo cũng cần phải có sức mạnh của lòng dân để dựa vào.
Source : Tiền Vệ
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